This thesis attempts to combine a issue-specific local focus with a global systematic approach providing two different explanatory concepts underlying the understanding of Hizb-ut Tahrir`s emergence in Central Asia and in particular in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in order to find out if the historical background, the ideology, the organizational structures, the aims and current activities of the movement are able to form the basis of a revolution that might sweep away the regimes in place in the region.
Table of Contents
General Introduction
I. Preface
II. Question and Aim of the Thesis
III. Methodology and Structure
IV. Limits
V. Concepts and Definitions
First Part: Theorizing Islamist Rebellion
I. Theorizing Islamist Rebellion within a Local Context
1.) Criticizing the Socioeconomic Approach
2.) Hafez’s Political Process Approach
a.) Three Resources to effect change
b.)Hafez’s five patterns of rebellious conduct
II. Theorizing Islamist Rebellion within the Global Arena
1.) Constructivism in International Relations
2.) The Global Civil Society and the Power of Transnational Non-State Actors
3.) The International System as a Structure of Political Opportunities
a.) Constrains of the Constructivist Agenda
b.) The International System as a Structure of Political Opportunities
III. Concluding Remarks
Second Part: Empirical Analyses
A. Roots and Ideology of Hizb ut-Tahrir
I. Preface
II. Introduction
1.) The Umma-Concept
2.) Islamic Movements: Between Nation and Umma
III. Origins of Hizb ut-Tharir
IV. Introduction to the Ideology of the Liberation Party
V. Organization and Political Methodology
1. Organization
2.) Political Methodology
VI. Attitude towards Violence
VII. Concluding Remarks
B. Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia
I. Preface
II. Geography and Focal Points
III. Radical Islam in the Post-Soviet Era
1.) Overview of Traditional Islam in Central Asia
2.) Religious Repression and Resurgence
IV. Emergence of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia
V. Origins of Supporters
1.) Regions and ethnicity
2.) Class Profile
VI. Funding
VII. Hizb ut-Tharir’s Activities in Central Asia
1.) The Hizb ut-Tharir’s Strategy for Central Asia
2.) Propaganda
a.) Websites
b.) Print Media
3.) Demonstrations
VIII. Concluding Remarks
C. Risk Analyses for Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan
I. Preface
II. Uzbekistan
1.) Introduction
2.) Targeting Hizb ut-Tahrir
3.) Andijan 2005, Uprising and Crackdown
III. Kyrgyzstan
1.) Introduction
2.) Targeting Hizb ut-Tahrir
3.) The Kyrgyz “Revolution” in 2005
IV. Conclusion
Research Objectives and Themes
This thesis examines whether the ideological background, organizational structure, and activities of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia, particularly in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, provide the foundation for a revolution against existing regimes. It integrates local-level political process theories with global-level systemic analysis to determine the movement's potential impact on regional stability.
- Theoretical analysis of Islamist rebellion through political process and constructivist frameworks.
- Empirical investigation of Hizb ut-Tahrir's origins, ideology, and political methodology.
- Examination of Hizb ut-Tahrir's recruitment, propaganda, and activities within Central Asia.
- Comparative risk analysis of the group's influence in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
- Assessment of the impact of state repression and geopolitical factors on the movement's radicalization.
Excerpt from the Book
1.) Criticizing the Socioeconomic Approach
The prevailing explanation why Muslims rebel is that poverty, underdevelopment, unemployment, and psychological alienation stemming from failed modernization and excessive Westernization set the conditions for radical Islamism. The assertion of this thesis is that there is little correlation between economic deprivations and rebellion and is thus following Hafez assumption that socioeconomic explanations are unconvincing. As Naumkin confirms it cannot explain why radicalism is on the rise and able to mobilize supporters in some countries but not others where economic conditions are equally dire. Saudi Arabia, for example, is one of the wealthiest countries in the Middle East, but the Saudis are nevertheless among the strongest supporters of Islamic radicalism. On the other end of the spectrum, Mauritania is one of the poorest Muslim countries on earth but does not appear to be prone to religious extremism.
As relative economic deprivation such as in Central Asia, Naumkin refers specifically to Uzbekistan as an example stating that it has become a hotbed for the most ferocious Islamic movements in Central Asia, despite the fact that its decline in living standards has been less than that of some other Central Asian countries in the post-Soviet period.
Rebellion in the sense above refers to the effort consciously undertaken by movement organizations to acquire and allocate resources for sustained violent opposition to an incumbent regime. Hafez underlines that Rebellion is different from riots, sporadic and spontaneous mass upheavals, or occasional terrorism. It refers to broader planning that involves organizational structuring, ideological formulations, and programmatic steps to acquire resources and allocate them to resist and established order through recurrent violence and mass mobilization.
Summary of Chapters
General Introduction: Outlines the research focus on Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia, defines the thesis objectives, and details the methodological approach combining local and global theoretical frameworks.
First Part: Theorizing Islamist Rebellion: Establishes a theoretical foundation by discussing Hafez’s political process approach for local rebellion and constructivist perspectives on the global international system.
Second Part: Empirical Analyses: Provides an in-depth empirical examination of the origins, ideology, and activities of Hizb ut-Tahrir, specifically focusing on its reception and operations within the Central Asian context.
A. Roots and Ideology of Hizb ut-Tahrir: Investigates the historical background, ideological concepts (including the Umma-concept), and the organizational methodology of the movement.
B. Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia: Analyzes the emergence and specific activities of the group within the post-Soviet Central Asian landscape, including recruitment patterns and propaganda strategies.
C. Risk Analyses for Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan: Conducts a comparative assessment of the movement's activities in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, examining state responses to the group's presence.
Keywords
Hizb ut-Tahrir, Central Asia, Islamist Rebellion, Political Process Approach, Constructivism, Islamic Caliphate, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Radicalization, Transnational Movements, State Repression, Political Islam, Ideology, Global Civil Society, Political Opportunity Structures.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core subject of this thesis?
The thesis investigates the ideological and organizational potential of the Islamist movement Hizb ut-Tahrir to serve as a catalyst for revolution against the regimes in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The work covers theoretical models of Islamist rebellion, the specific ideology and organization of Hizb ut-Tahrir, and an empirical analysis of its activities and the associated political risks in Central Asia.
What is the central research question?
The research asks whether the historical background, ideology, organizational structures, and current activities of Hizb ut-Tahrir are sufficient to form the basis of a revolution that could overthrow the regimes in power in the region.
Which scientific methods are employed?
The author uses a two-part analytical framework: a local "political process approach" (adopting Mohammed M. Hafez's methodology) and a global "systemic approach" based on constructivist International Relations theory and the concept of "structures of political opportunities."
What is covered in the main body of the work?
The main body is divided into theoretical frameworks (rebellion theory and constructivism) and empirical analysis (the origins and global nature of Hizb ut-Tahrir, its specific activities in Central Asia, and risk assessments for Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan).
Which keywords characterize this publication?
Key terms include Hizb ut-Tahrir, Central Asia, political Islam, constructivism, repression, state-movement interaction, and Islamic caliphate.
How does the author characterize Hizb ut-Tahrir's attitude toward violence?
The author notes that while Hizb ut-Tahrir rhetorically rejects violence as a current tool for political change, it remains an elitist, disciplined vanguard that emphasizes jihad in its ultimate ideological goals, making its potential for future violent radicalization a subject of ongoing debate.
How do state responses differ in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan?
Uzbekistan has employed harsh, often indiscriminate repression against the group, whereas Kyrgyzstan initially took a more tolerant approach, though it later classified the party as extremist, reflecting different strategic calculations regarding stability and dissent.
What role does the "Global Civil Society" play in the movement?
The thesis explores how Hizb ut-Tahrir functions as a transnational actor, leveraging modern communication tools and its global network to bypass national borders and disseminate its ideology in repressive environments.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Franco Burgio (Autor:in), 2007, Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia - messengers of a coming revolution?, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/93098
