Planning is one of the most important steps in the development of effective policies to assist in addressing various social, political, and economic issues in the society. Basically, planning refers to the process of identifying the activities necessary to attain the desiredgoal (Malpass, 2003). In other words, planning is a description of the processes, which will be needed to achieve the desired results. For instance, planning encompasses the creation and maintenance of a plan. In this regard, planning takes place at the initial stages of policy development and consist of the preparation of action steps to achieve particular goals. In the field of public policy, every country, state or local authorities have specific procedures of developing plans and making planning decisions (Cole and Goodchild, 2000). In this paper, the reviewer explores how planning decisions are made in England and Wales and the benefits of the local planning policy in planning decisions.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Background
Planning Decisions
Planning Policy
Planning Appeal Processes and Possible Outcomes
Conclusion
Objectives and Topics
This paper aims to provide an overview of the town and country planning systems in England and Wales, specifically examining how planning decisions are formulated, the historical evolution of planning policies, and the regulatory frameworks that govern land development and public consultation processes.
- Historical evolution of UK planning legislation
- The structure and function of modern planning permissions
- Processes for making and delegating local planning decisions
- The influence of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)
- The role of the planning inspector in appeal processes
Excerpt from the Book
Historical Background
The history of the contemporary UK town and country planning systems can be traced back to the post-war periods of the late 1940s. During this period, many people were concerned about the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation of the previous centuries and economic effects of war. These concerns included urban sprawl and pollution (Cole and Goodchild, 2000). Earlier legislation, such as the Housing and Town Planning Act 1909, the Housing and Town Planning Act 1919, the Town Planning Act 1925, and the Town and Country Planning Act 1932,made great strides towards effective urban planning but failed to address these concerns. During the Second World War, various royal commissions were instituted to look at the adverse effects of industrialization and urbanization around the country. These commissions were the Barlow Commission (1940) into the distribution of industrial population, the Scott Committee into rural land use (1941), the Uthwatt Committee into compensation and betterment (1942), and the Reith Report into New Towns (1947) (Malpass, 2003). Besides, Patrick Abercrombie came up with the Greater London Plan, which recommended moving 1.5 million people from London to new and expanded towns. These efforts lead to the 1947 Town and Country Planning Act.
The 1947 Act provided a framework for the modern town and country planning in England and Wales. The Act introduced planning permissions, which are required for land development. As a result, land ownership no longer guaranteed one the right to develop the land. For effective management of the planning permission requirements, the Act reorganised the planning system from 1400 existing planning authorities to only 145 county and borough councils (Cole and Goodchild, 2000). Each county or borough was now required to prepare their own comprehensive development plan. They were also given powers to redevelop land and use compulsory purchase orders to buy and lease land to private developers. The Act stated that all development values were vested in the state thus £300 million was set aside to be used in compensation of landowners (Spicker, 2019). In this case, the Act nationalized the right to develop the land.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: This chapter defines the purpose of planning in the context of public policy and introduces the scope of the paper regarding the planning systems in England and Wales.
Historical Background: This section traces the origins of the UK planning system from post-war commissions to the foundational legislation of the 1947 Town and Country Planning Act and the subsequent 1990 Act.
Planning Decisions: This chapter details the administrative process of submitting and evaluating planning applications, including the role of delegated authority and public consultation.
Planning Policy: This section explores the framework of local and national planning policies, specifically focusing on the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the role of neighbourhood plans.
Planning Appeal Processes and Possible Outcomes: This chapter examines the legal avenues available for applicants when planning permission is denied and describes the independent role of the planning inspector.
Conclusion: This chapter synthesizes the main findings, highlighting the transition of planning control to local authorities and the evolution of the appeal process.
Keywords
Planning permission, Town and Country Planning Act, local planning authority, land development, urbanisation, public policy, National Planning Policy Framework, planning decisions, neighbourhood plans, planning inspector, development control, compulsory purchase, legislation, zoning, appeals.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this paper?
This paper focuses on the structural evolution and functional mechanisms of town and country planning in England and Wales, specifically regarding how decisions are made and regulated.
What are the central themes discussed in the text?
The central themes include the historical legislative framework of planning, the mechanics of modern planning permissions, the interpretation of national policies at the local level, and the procedural aspects of planning appeals.
What is the core objective of the research?
The core objective is to explore how planning decisions are reached in England and Wales and to explain the significance of local planning policies in shaping national development.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The author employs a review-based approach, synthesizing existing literature, historical legislation, and government reports to map the development of the UK planning system.
What topics are covered in the main body of the text?
The main body covers the transition from post-war planning foundations to contemporary systems, the roles of local planning authorities, the influence of the NPPF, and the processes involved in challenging denied permissions.
What are the key terms characterizing this document?
The document is characterized by terms such as planning permission, development control, local authority, planning inspector, and land-use regulation.
How does the 1947 Town and Country Planning Act influence current systems?
It established the framework for modern planning by introducing mandatory planning permissions and nationalizing the right to develop land, a structure that still informs current policies.
Who is responsible for hearing appeals in the planning system?
Appeals are heard by an independent planning inspector, who reviews the case and decides whether to uphold or overturn the original decision made by the local authority.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Difrine Madara (Autor:in), 2019, Local Planning and Planning Decisions in England and Wales, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/512919
