Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the commonest bacterial infection worldwide resulting from the invasion and multiplication of bacteria in urinary tract. It is more common in females due to short urethra and close proximity with anal canal. It can be mild like cystitis to severe leading to septicemia and death. Escherichia coli(E. Coli) is the leading organism responsible for UTI. Resistance to antibiotics is on rise particularly in developing countries where no antibiotic policies are made. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli are emerging which has made the use of many antibiotics inappropriate. Determination of MDR strains and their susceptibility to amikacin was determined in this study.
Objectives:
The main objectives were to determine the frequency of MDR strains of E. coli causing UTI and to determine their sensitivity to amikacin.
Material and methods:
Study design: Descriptive cross sectional
Study duration: From 21st August 2015 to 30th June 2016.
Setting: Department of medicine Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.
Sample size: Sample size was 179.
Results:
Out of 179 patients with positive urine culture for E. coli, infection was more common in females, 116(64.8%) were females, 63(35.2%) were male with a male to female ratio of 1:1.84, high prevalence of drug resistance, MDR strains were isolated from 155(86.6%), which showed a sensitivity of 92.25% to amikacin.
Conclusion:
Drug resistance is on rise with a trend towards prevalence of multidrug resistant strains in the community, cautious and appropriate use of antibiotics is advised.
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Differential Diagnosis of UTI
- Complications of UTI
- Prevention of UTI
- E. Coli
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance
- Multidrug Resistant E Coli
- Aminoglycosides
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
Objectives and Key Themes
This study aimed to determine the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their sensitivity to amikacin. The research focuses on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, particularly in E. coli, a leading cause of UTIs.
- Prevalence of UTIs and the role of E. coli
- Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli and its contributing factors
- The emergence of MDR strains of E. coli
- Amikacin sensitivity in MDR E. coli strains
- Impact of antibiotic resistance on UTI treatment and outcomes
Chapter Summaries
Introduction: This chapter introduces urinary tract infections (UTIs), highlighting their prevalence globally and the disproportionate impact on females due to anatomical factors. It emphasizes the significant role of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a leading causative agent and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance, especially in developing countries lacking effective antibiotic policies. The introduction sets the stage for the study by emphasizing the critical need to understand the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains and their susceptibility to amikacin.
Urinary Tract Infection: This section provides a detailed overview of UTIs, their pathogenesis, and the progression from mild cystitis to severe complications like pyelonephritis and septicemia. It underscores the socioeconomic burden of UTIs, particularly in developing countries, and the various risk factors associated with increased susceptibility, including age, gender, comorbidities (diabetes, HIV/AIDS), and the use of urinary catheters. The chapter highlights the importance of understanding these factors to effectively manage and prevent UTIs.
Antimicrobial Resistance: This chapter delves into the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on its significance as a major clinical concern worldwide. It examines the contributing factors, such as antibiotic overuse, misuse, and inadequate treatment regimens. The role of bacterial mechanisms of resistance, including genetic mutations and horizontal gene transfer, is discussed. The chapter emphasizes the global challenge posed by resistant microorganisms and the need for responsible antibiotic stewardship.
Multidrug Resistant E Coli: This section specifically addresses the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains. It discusses how the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of resistance to multiple drug classes, making treatment more challenging and increasing morbidity and mortality associated with UTIs. This section lays the groundwork for the study's focus on MDR E. coli and their response to amikacin.
Keywords
Urinary tract infection, E. coli, Antibiotic resistance, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Amikacin, Antibiotic sensitivity, Prevalence, Developing countries.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview
What is the main topic of this study?
This study investigates the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their sensitivity to amikacin. The research focuses on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli, a major cause of UTIs.
What are the key themes explored in this study?
The key themes include the prevalence of UTIs and the role of E. coli; antimicrobial resistance in E. coli and its contributing factors; the emergence of MDR strains of E. coli; amikacin sensitivity in MDR E. coli strains; and the impact of antibiotic resistance on UTI treatment and outcomes.
What is covered in the Introduction chapter?
The introduction provides background information on UTIs, their global prevalence, the significant role of E. coli, and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance, particularly in developing countries. It highlights the need to understand the prevalence of MDR E. coli strains and their susceptibility to amikacin.
What does the chapter on Urinary Tract Infections cover?
This section offers a detailed explanation of UTIs, their pathogenesis, progression from mild to severe forms, socioeconomic burden, and associated risk factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, and catheter use. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors for effective management and prevention.
What are the main points discussed in the Antimicrobial Resistance chapter?
This chapter addresses the global problem of antimicrobial resistance, its contributing factors (antibiotic overuse, misuse, inadequate treatment), bacterial resistance mechanisms (genetic mutations and horizontal gene transfer), and the need for responsible antibiotic stewardship.
What is the focus of the Multidrug Resistant E. coli chapter?
This section specifically examines the emergence of MDR E. coli strains, explaining how antibiotic overuse and misuse have led to resistance to multiple drug classes, resulting in more challenging treatment and increased morbidity and mortality associated with UTIs. This sets the stage for the study's focus on MDR E. coli and their response to amikacin.
What are the key words associated with this study?
The key words are: Urinary tract infection, E. coli, Antibiotic resistance, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Amikacin, Antibiotic sensitivity, Prevalence, Developing countries.
What is the purpose of the Table of Contents?
The table of contents provides a structured overview of the document, listing the abstract, introduction, literature review, sections on urinary tract infections, differential diagnosis, complications, prevention, E. coli, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug-resistant E. coli, aminoglycosides, materials and methods, results, and discussion.
- Quote paper
- Muhammad Shabbir (Author), 2017, Multidrug resistant E. Coli in urinary tract infections. Sensitivity to Amikacin, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/384620
