In our society cholesterol related diseases are increasing day by day. The major reason for this is our eating habit or food habit. Eating foods containing trans fats, which are often found in fast food and commercially baked breads, cookies, and snack foods. It was observed that while peoples taking the fruits of Garcinia gummi-gutta in their food preparations have low cholesterol level. Some peoples are eating boiled fruits and drinking water in which the fruits peels are boiled in order to reduce the cholesterol level. This study was carried out to explore the phytochemical constituents of the solvent extracts of Garcinia gummi-gutta fruit and in vitro analysis of its cholesterol lowering effect. The cholesterol lowering effect was carried out in vitro using common fatty food materials like ghee, fats of pork and chicken, hen egg and cod liver oil. Each food materials were treated with extract and incubated for a number of days and each day the cholesterol level was estimated by Zak’s method. From the data, pork and chicken fat, egg yolk and ghee shows significant reduction in the cholesterol level. From the present study it can be concluded that the constituents present in the extracts may be responsible for the cholesterol lowering activity.
Table of contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Objectives
2. Review of literature
3. Hypothesis
4. Materials and Methods
4.1 Study area
4.2 Collection of plant material
4.3 Preparation of Garcinia gummi-gutta fruit pulp extracts
4.4 Phytochemical screening
4.5 Preparation of cholesterol samples
4.7 Estimation of cholesterol
4.8 Statistical analysis
5. Results and discussion
6. Conclusions
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary research objective is to perform a phytochemical profile of Garcinia gummi-gutta (Malabar tamarind) and to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of its solvent extracts in reducing cholesterol levels in vitro across various fatty food materials.
- Phytochemical screening of fruit extracts using diverse solvents (methanol and water).
- Identification of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids.
- Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering efficacy in food substrates like ghee, pork fat, and egg yolk.
- Analysis of the correlation between phytochemical composition and lipid-lowering potential.
Auszug aus dem Buch
1. Introduction
Plants are the gifts of nature to human beings for basic preventive and curative healthcare since time immemorial. Plant extract contains various secondary metabolites that have been reported scientifically for biological activities and can also protect humans against infectious diseases (Jeeva et al., 2006; Balakumar et al., 2011). These metabolites include active ingredients like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, terpenes and tannins (Sukumaran et al., 2012). Due to wide range of biological activity these phytoconstituents can be used for the treatment of various diseases (Dahanukar et al., 2000; Iwu et al., 1993). To promote the proper use and to determine their potential as sources for new drugs, it is essential to study the medicinal plants (Parekh et al., 2007). In India almost 95% of the traditional systems like Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and Homeopathy have plant based prescriptions (Satyavati et al., 1976). According to world health organization (WHO) about 80% of population in developing countries relies on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs (Jayer et al., 2007).
Numerous phytoconstituents have been found to be active against many degenerative diseases and pathological processes in humans such as in ageing, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis cataracts and inflammation (Birt, 2006). The Genus Garcinia contains around 200 species, where 35 species are found in the two ecosystems of India, the Western Ghats and the Himalayan foot hills (Parthsarathy et al., 2014). It is a hardwood underutilized medicinal fruit crop, where its fruits are used in food preparations, especially in curries (Heber, 1982). Previous studies had shown that, the leaf extract of the plant had shown increase the levels of erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes, hemoglobin and was found to decrease the level of glucose, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level in catfish. This was due to the presence of a hypolipidaemic compound, hydroxy citric acid. It also increased immunity by increasing cellular immunological indicators (Prasad et al., 2007; Tian et al, 2009).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Discusses the medicinal importance of plants and the role of Garcinia gummi-gutta in traditional health systems and cholesterol management.
2. Review of literature: Provides background on medicinal herbs, the biological mechanisms of cholesterol, and the pharmacological potential of Garcinia gummi-gutta.
3. Hypothesis: Outlines the research expectation that the plant extracts contain significant phytochemicals capable of reducing cholesterol levels.
4. Materials and Methods: Details the collection of plant material, the preparation of extracts, and the chemical/statistical procedures used for analysis.
5. Results and discussion: Presents the findings of the phytochemical screening and the efficacy of the extracts in lowering cholesterol in various fatty substrates.
6. Conclusions: Summarizes the study's findings, suggesting the plant as a potent candidate for future clinical research into cholesterol management.
Keywords
Garcinia gummi-gutta, Malabar tamarind, Cholesterol, Zak’s method, Phytochemical profiling, Hypercholesterolemia, Emodins, Coumarins, Hydroxycitric acid, Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites, In vitro analysis, Lipid profile, Bioactive compounds, Traditional medicine.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the phytochemical profiling of Garcinia gummi-gutta fruit and analyzing its in vitro ability to reduce cholesterol levels in common fatty food sources.
What are the central themes of the work?
Key themes include plant-based medicinal chemistry, the health impact of dietary fats, phytochemical screening methods, and the pharmacological evaluation of Garcinia species.
What is the primary goal of the study?
The primary goal is to determine if the phytochemical constituents in Garcinia gummi-gutta extracts can provide a natural solution for lowering cholesterol levels in high-fat food items.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The study utilizes standard qualitative phytochemical screening tests and employs Zak’s method for the quantitative estimation of cholesterol before and after treatment with plant extracts.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the botanical description of the plant, the chemical properties of its extracts, the detailed analytical procedures, and the observed effects of the extracts on various fatty substances over a period of 14 days.
Which keywords define this research?
Essential keywords include Garcinia gummi-gutta, cholesterol lowering, phytochemical profiling, Zak’s method, and secondary metabolites.
How were the cholesterol samples prepared for the experiment?
Samples were prepared by dissolving one gram of the fatty material in one ml of chloroform and storing it in brown bottles for further experimental use.
What was the observation regarding cod liver oil?
The study observed that, unlike other tested fatty foods such as ghee or pork fat, there was no significant change in the cholesterol level of cod liver oil after treatment with the extracts.
What is the significance of the findings for future research?
The findings suggest that Garcinia gummi-gutta is a potent herb for future research, and the authors recommend that specific active components be isolated and purified for clinical trials.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Autor:in), Jiby John Mathew (Autor:in), Sajeshkumar N. K. (Autor:in), Ratheesh Mohanan (Autor:in), Preeja Mol MR (Autor:in), 2017, Phytochemical profiling of Garcinia gummi-gutta (Malabar tamarind) and in vitro analysis of cholesterol lowering effect, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/370625
