River Hindon is a major Source of water to the highly populated and predominantly rural population of western Uttar Pradesh, India. River originates in the lower Himalayas in Saharanpur district (UP, Uttar Pradesh) and flows 260 km through six districts including Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautambudh Nagar until its confluence with the Yamuna. In non-monsoon months the river is completely dry from its origin up to Saharanpur town. The main water quality parameters that have been used to assess the quality status of river are BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, Total Phosphate. The samples of water and wastewater collected are tested and the data obtained for pre- and post-monsoon seasons during month of January and April 2013 and are converted with National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) to achieve at a single value defining the water quality at selected locations. The result shows that the water quality of river is not good. The water of river Hindon is not suitable for any use.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. STUDY AREA
3. METHODOLOGY
4. RESULT
5. CONCLUSION
Research Objectives & Topics
The primary objective of this study is to assess the water quality status of the Hindon River between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad by utilizing the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) to determine the river's suitability for various human and environmental uses.
- Evaluation of pollution levels in a 100 km stretch of the Hindon River.
- Application of the NSFWQI method using parameters such as BOD, DO, pH, Turbidity, and Total Phosphate.
- Analysis of water samples collected during pre- and post-monsoon seasons (January and April 2013).
- Identification of contamination sources from industrial and domestic waste discharges.
- Formulation of mitigation and conservation recommendations for sustainable river management.
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
India is having a rich source of the water resources of rivers is the major source of fresh water for almost each and every part of the country. There are 12 major river basins with the total catchment area is 252.8 million hectares (M.Ha) of country, like Ganga and Brahmaputra basins which have largest catchment area among the major river basins, the other rivers are medium basin rivers, of which river Hindon is one of them which flows in the western part of Uttar Pradesh mainly Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Ghaziabad. Most of the water use of this river is for agriculture irrigation, fishing, or to produce fish seeds and fingerlings. Other than this being passing through many industrial cities, large amount of industrial wastes are discharged into it including sewage and domestic waste.
The river Hindon, historically known as river Harnandi, is one of the major tributaries of river Yamuna. The recent studies on Hindon River reported that the river has become highly polluted due to uncontrolled untreated discharge of effluents. The water quality of the river has become unsuitable for farming activities like fish culture and irrigation purpose, etc. The aquatic flora and fauna are getting diminished, water has such severely polluted that it does not have any human use and has become the good medium and site for disease causing agents such as cancer, inadequate uptake of nutrients and trace-metals, cerebrovascular, kidney disease and diabetes. The water quality status has become very bad. A number of studies regarding pollution aspects of river Hindon and its tributaries have been carried out by different workers.
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Provides an overview of the significance of the Hindon River in Western Uttar Pradesh and highlights the increasing pollution levels and associated health risks due to untreated industrial and domestic waste.
STUDY AREA: Defines the scope of the study covering a 100 km stretch from Atali village to Habiatpur village, including specific sampling locations for various drains and river points.
METHODOLOGY: Details the standard procedures for water sample collection and the analytical techniques, specifically the application of the NSFWQI calculator to assess water quality based on five key parameters.
RESULT: Presents the calculated water quality index values for drains and river locations, demonstrating that the water quality is generally poor and unsuitable for any form of human use.
CONCLUSION: Summarizes the findings, confirming the severe pollution of the river, and proposes urgent mitigation strategies, including wastewater treatment, awareness programs, and sustainable industrial and agricultural practices.
Keywords
River Hindon, Water Quality, NSFWQI, Biological Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, pH, Turbidity, Total Phosphate, Water Pollution, Wastewater, Conservation Plan, Environmental Impact, Industrial Effluent, Hydrology, Sustainable Management
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper assesses the pollution level and water quality status of the Hindon River between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad to determine its suitability for human and agricultural use.
Which specific areas of the river were analyzed?
The study examines a 100 km stretch of the Hindon River, specifically from Atali village to Habiatpur Village (Mohan Nagar) in the Ghaziabad region.
What is the primary objective of using the NSFWQI?
The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) is used to convert multiple laboratory testing parameters into a single, comprehensive value that defines the overall quality status of the water.
Which parameters were used to evaluate the water quality?
The study utilizes five key parameters: Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), pH, Turbidity, and Total Phosphate.
What is the main finding regarding the quality of the Hindon River?
The research concludes that the water quality of the Hindon River is in a 'bad' to 'very bad' state, making it currently unsuitable for any type of human use.
What scientific methods were employed to test the water samples?
Samples were collected following standard APHA procedures and analyzed using electrometric, volumetric, and colorimetric techniques in a laboratory setting.
How does the pollution load change across the different sampling sites?
The data indicates a significant pollution load across all sites, with some locations showing a steep increase in pollution due to industrial waste discharge from nearby estates.
What recommendations does the author provide for conservation?
The author suggests that all wastewater discharge must be treated, the river's flow should be maintained with fresh water, and awareness programs should be implemented for the local population and industries.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Prabhakar Shukla (Autor:in), 2014, Measuring the Water Quality of River Hindon between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad Using a NSFWQI Calculator, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/283776
