World population is increasing rapidly and the resources which are available are very limited. Human life is very important part in this world as it has the power to change reality and create future. To preserve once life from cold weather there exists technologies which cannot be afforded by most. In addition most of the apparels made for cold weather climates limits human behavior. To answer these existing silent needs new material has to be developed. Creation of more flexible thin material which uses less raw material that can be recyclable was created through testing and learning. This new material was tested using industry standard devices to see how it performs against other thermal insulation material that made for the same purpose.
This thesis contains the steps for developing an innovative IR reflective spacer material.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Problem recognition
- Goal
- Cold weather effect and technologies.
- Cold weather effect on the human body
- Standards for cold weather apparels.
- Commercial sector
- Evaluation strategy
- Metabolic rates
- Instruments / cold surfaces
- Clothing
- Cold stress
- Daily consumer
- Layers
- Breathability
- Water/Wind proof
- Thermal insulation methods.
- Passive insulation
- Insulation layer.
- Cotton
- Wool
- Down filling
- Synthetic insulation
- Reflective layer
- Active insulation
- Not adjustable
- PCM
- Shape memory material
- Adjustable Insulation
- Market analysis
- Market needs
- Cold weather textiles
- Cold weather sports
- Special care for older people
- Work related
- Theories and law’s
- Thermal dynamics
- Thermal Conduction principles.
- Thermal conductivity value.
- Thermal resistance value.
- Thermal conduction through a fabric.
- Infra-Red
- Absorption and reflection of IR
- Emissivity
- Black body
- Black body radiation
- Wien’s displacement law
- Radiation heat loss through a material.
- Human skin
- Ohm’s law
- Spacer fabric
- Reflective layer
- Heat reflection and metals
- Special yarns
- Thin film yarn
- Reinforced yarn
- Round yarns
- Yarns
- Spacer yarn
- Outer layer yarn
- Needle notations
- CMS 302 TC knitting machine
- Stoll M1 Plus® version 5.4.0.62
- Material name classification
- Production flow chart
- Production
- A-x -1HH
- A-x-3HH
- C-y-3HH
- D-y-3HH
- E-z-2HH
- F-z-2HH
- G-z-2II
- G-z-2JI
- Reflective surface comparison
- Testing of average rate of heat loss
- Development map
- Setup
- Testing method
- Evaluation of data
- Testing of thermal resistance value
- Development map
- Setup
- Testing method
- Evaluation of data
- Permetest
- Testing method
- Sweating guarded hotplate
- Testing method
- Other tests
- Testing of knitted material
- Visual testing
- Yarns per cm
- Thickness
- Digital microscope
- M-IR spectroscopy
- Benchmarking material
- Duck down material
- Omni heat material
- Felted wool
- Jacket inner lining
- Temptrol reflective material
- ReF.110x
- Non reflective spacer material
- Reflective spacer material – G-z-2JI
- Performance comparison
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This thesis aims to develop a new type of thermal insulating material that could revolutionize the apparel industry. The work focuses on exploring the effects of cold weather conditions on humans, understanding human body performance, and analyzing existing thermal insulation materials and their limitations in the market. The thesis then utilizes fundamental physics principles to develop a new material with superior thermal insulation properties. Finally, the developed material is benchmarked against other thermal insulation materials available in the market. Key themes of this thesis include:- The effects of cold weather on the human body and the importance of thermal insulation.
- An analysis of current thermal insulation technologies and their limitations.
- The application of fundamental physics principles to develop a new thermal insulating material.
- The testing and benchmarking of the developed material against existing market solutions.
- The potential applications and benefits of the new thermal insulating material.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 1 introduces the topic of thermal insulation in apparel and highlights the significant need for improved solutions. The chapter also presents the thesis's objectives and goals, focusing on developing a new type of thermal insulation material. Chapter 2 examines the effects of cold weather on the human body, outlining various physiological responses and risks. The chapter also discusses relevant international standards for cold weather apparel in both commercial and consumer sectors. Finally, it explores different thermal insulation methods, including passive and active insulation, focusing on their advantages and drawbacks. Chapter 3 delves into market analysis, identifying specific market needs for improved thermal insulation, particularly in cold weather textiles, sports, and specialized work environments. The chapter emphasizes the need for thinner, more flexible, and affordable materials. Chapter 4 introduces essential theoretical concepts and laws, providing the foundation for the development of the new material. The chapter focuses on thermal dynamics, specifically conduction and radiation, and explains how these principles can be applied to improve thermal insulation. It also explores the properties of infrared radiation and its interaction with materials. Chapter 5 outlines the concept development process for the new thermal insulating material, emphasizing the use of spacer fabric construction with an integrated reflective layer to improve thermal insulation properties. The chapter also analyzes different types of metallic yarns and their suitability for creating the reflective layer. Chapter 6 describes the material production process, detailing different prototypes developed and tested using various knitting techniques and yarn combinations. The chapter includes detailed descriptions of each prototype, including needle notations, material specifications, and test results. Chapter 7 discusses the testing methods used to evaluate the thermal insulation properties of the developed materials. The chapter presents two self-developed testing methods, the average rate of heat loss and the thermal resistance value, followed by the use of the Permetest device and the Sweating Guarded Hotplate. The chapter also outlines additional tests conducted to examine the physical properties of the knitted materials. Chapter 8 presents the benchmarking process for the developed material, comparing its performance against other market-available thermal insulation materials. The chapter includes detailed analyses of each material, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. Chapter 9 concludes the thesis by summarizing the key findings and highlighting the potential applications and benefits of the newly developed thermal insulating material. The chapter emphasizes the material's advantages in terms of flexibility, weight, and thermal insulation performance, making it suitable for various applications, particularly in cold weather apparel, military uniforms, and specialized workwear.Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This master thesis focuses on the development of thermal insulating textiles, investigating the potential of reflective materials in spacer fabrics for improved thermal insulation. Key concepts explored include thermal dynamics, infrared radiation, emissivity, and the properties of different metallic yarns. The thesis also investigates existing thermal insulation technologies and their limitations, highlighting the need for thinner, more flexible, and affordable materials. Finally, the thesis presents a new prototype material that demonstrates significant improvements in thermal insulation performance.
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- Tharaka de Silva Hikkaduwa Liyanage (Author), 2013, Development of Thermal Insulating Textiles. An Innovative IR Reflective Spacer Material, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/283424
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