Different scientific studies claim that solid waste has had diverse effects on both the natural environment and human society. Besides, lack of plausible solid waste handling systems is as well postulated to be a major challenge, mainly in developing countries. For instance, the waste handling systems found in Kigali, Rwanda, are substandard compared to those highlighted by different studies in developed countries such as Sweden and USA. In general, municipal authorities and other private companies, mainly in Rwanda, are keen to keep streets and some suburbs clean with the help of open landfill disposal system. They often collect and dump solid waste, mixed of organic and inorganic materials to the only municipal dump site located at Nyanza Hill in the outskirts of Kigali City.
The exploratory study conducted in Kigali, Rwanda tested the plausibility of briquetting, composting, incineration, cullet pulverisation, and plasma pyrolysis systems to handle solid waste. The study started with the review of various literatures on solid waste management, and thereafter surveyed 400 residents of Kigali City for their opinions. Computer software Web-Hipre was used to analyze public opinions on the five systems to handle solid waste. The results indicate briquetting as the optimal system to handle solid waste in Kigali City. Composting considered suboptimal; incineration, plasma pyrolysis, and cullet pulverisation systems were not considered.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Waste management theory
- 1.1.1 Composting
- 1.1.2 Briquetting
- 1.1.3 Incineration
- 1.1.4 Cullet pulverisation
- 1.1.5 Plasma pyrolysis
- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3. STUDY RESULTS
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The study aims to explore the feasibility of different solid waste conversion systems in Kigali, Rwanda, to address the challenges posed by the lack of adequate waste management infrastructure in developing countries. The study primarily focuses on the following systems: composting, briquetting, incineration, cullet pulverisation, and plasma pyrolysis.
- The impact of solid waste on the environment and human society
- The challenges of solid waste management in developing countries
- The feasibility of different solid waste conversion systems
- The importance of public opinion in the selection of optimal waste management systems
- The economic, social, and environmental implications of different waste management systems
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of solid waste management challenges, particularly in developing countries. It introduces the concept of waste management theory and explores the theoretical frameworks of various subsystems for handling solid waste, including composting, briquetting, incineration, cullet pulverisation, and plasma pyrolysis. The chapter also discusses the current state of solid waste management in Kigali, Rwanda, highlighting the challenges and opportunities presented by the city's unique context.
Chapter 1.1: Waste management theory
This section delves into the theoretical framework of waste management systems, emphasizing the importance of industrial ecology and its role in designing sustainable waste management solutions. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of each of the five systems under investigation: composting, briquetting, incineration, cullet pulverisation, and plasma pyrolysis, outlining their processes, advantages, and disadvantages.
Chapter 1.1.1: Composting
This section focuses on composting as a method for converting organic waste into a usable soil amendment. It explains the process, the required environmental conditions, and the advantages and challenges of composting in the context of Kigali, Rwanda. The section emphasizes the importance of proper waste separation and the need for adequate infrastructure to ensure effective composting.
Chapter 1.1.2: Briquetting
This section explores the process of briquetting, which involves converting organic waste into solid fuel. It highlights the benefits of briquetting for both waste management and energy production. The section also discusses the challenges associated with briquetting, including the potential for pollution and the need for proper equipment and training for operators.
Chapter 1.1.3: Incineration
This section provides an overview of incineration as a method for converting waste into energy. It discusses the process, the potential environmental impacts, and the importance of air pollution control systems. The section also highlights the importance of appropriate technology and skilled workers for effective and safe incineration operations.
Chapter 1.1.4: Cullet pulverisation
This section discusses cullet pulverisation as a method for recycling waste glass. It explains the process of converting waste glass into small particles and its potential use in road construction. The section also emphasizes the importance of controlling the amount of crushed glass in asphalt to avoid negative impacts on the pavement.
Chapter 1.1.5: Plasma pyrolysis
This section presents plasma pyrolysis as a method for destroying plastic waste. It highlights the environmental benefits of this system and its potential to contribute to global warming reduction efforts. The section emphasizes the importance of appropriate technology and safe operating conditions for effective plasma pyrolysis operations.
Chapter 2: Materials and Methods
This chapter details the research methodology used in the study. The chapter describes the use of literature review, surveys, interviews, and observations to gather data on public opinions and the current state of solid waste management in Kigali, Rwanda. The chapter also outlines the use of computer software to analyze the collected data and assess the feasibility of different waste management systems.
Chapter 3: Study Results
This chapter presents the findings of the study. The chapter describes the composition of solid waste dumped at Nyanza Hill in Kigali and discusses the challenges posed by the current system. It highlights the lack of proper waste separation, the mixing of organic and inorganic waste, and the inadequate infrastructure for waste collection and transportation. The chapter also presents the results of the public opinion survey, providing insights into residents' preferences and perceptions of different waste management systems.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This study focuses on the key concepts of solid waste management, waste conversion systems, and environmental sustainability in the context of developing countries. It explores the feasibility of different waste conversion systems, including composting, briquetting, incineration, cullet pulverisation, and plasma pyrolysis, highlighting the importance of public opinion, economic viability, and environmental impact in the selection and implementation of optimal waste management solutions.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Kahigana Innocent (Autor:in), 2014, Solid waste conversion and future promise of environmental management, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/268186
