In a globalized world the dynamics of rural development in Bangladesh has changed immensely. Globalization, free trade and privatization have brought about many positive and negative impacts on rural development. This article tries to focus on three major impacts of globalization on rural development such as impact on environment, poverty and women. In responding to the research questions that how globalization affected environmental degradation, what impact it has done on poverty reduction and women in Bangladesh, the author used a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the content analysis it was observed that globalization has seriously affected environment such as land degradation; deforestation; soil erosion; soil fertility loss; water logging; salinity and toxification of soils; damage and destruction of coral reefs, mangroves, fisheries; loss of bio-diversity and ecosystem; pollution of air and water bodies etc. that caused huge environmental disasters in Bangladesh. The research findings relating to impact of globalization on poverty reduction unearthed the fact that due to huge remittance from the expatriate foreign labours, exponential increases of agricultural growth especially in cereal crops and increase in labour cost have contributed to reduction of rural poverty in Bangladesh. The increase of agricultural growth was the end result of massive privatization of agricultural sector in Bangladesh that in fact helped the rich farmers to adopt HYV and modern agricultural practices, agrochemicals, pesticides, fertilizers; and privatization also helped them availing of low cost tube wells and agricultural inputs, increase of irrigation facilities. But the poor farmers were hardly affected by the privatization strategy. But the negative scenario in case of poverty is that globalization has increased income inequality in Bangladesh. Lastly, from both content analysis and case studies, it was found that globalization has created employment opportunities of women in the garments industries (RMG) in the export processing zones of Bangladesh. Mostly these women are the poverty stricken women who migrated to city areas from rural areas for employment but the foreign investors are exploited these women by providing a low salary and employed them excessive hours for ensuring their optimum production. [...]
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Methodology of the Paper
3. Structure of the Paper
4. Conceptual Underpinning of the Globalization and Rural Development
4.1 Concepts and Issues of Globalization
4.2 Concept and Issues of Rural Development
4.3 The Changed Perspectives of Rural Development in Bangladesh
5. Globalization: Comparatives Scenario of South Asia and Bangladesh
6. Impact of Globalization on Rural Development in Bangladesh
6.1 Impact of Globalization on Environment
6.2 Impact of Globalization on Poverty
6.3 Impact of Globalization on women
7. Few Empirical Evidences of Impact of Globalization on Rural Development: Perspectives from Bangladesh
7.1 Sahnaz Begum’s Scenario in Globalization in Bangladesh
7.2 Shafiqul’s Success Story through Integrated Farming
7.3 Deedar Comprehensive Cooperative Societies
8. Discussion and Analysis of the Research Findings
8.1 Findings from the Case Studies
8.2 Analysis of Environmental Hazards
8.3 Analysis of the Impact on Poverty
8.4 Analysis of the Impact of Globalization on Women
9. Some Broad Observations on Impact of Globalizations
9.1 Overall Positive Impacts of Globalization
9.2 Overall Negative Impacts of Globalization
10. Suggestions and Recommendations
11. Conclusion
Research Objectives and Themes
This research aims to analyze the multidimensional impacts of globalization on rural development in Bangladesh, focusing specifically on how integration into the global economic system has affected environmental stability, poverty reduction, and the socio-economic status of women. The research question explores whether these global pressures act as a transformative force for development or as a source of exploitation for vulnerable rural populations.
- The environmental consequences of rapid, unregulated industrialization in Bangladesh.
- The relationship between global economic integration, remittance flows, and rural poverty reduction.
- The socio-economic implications and exploitation of women in the export-oriented garment industry.
- The comparative performance of Bangladesh within the South Asian economic context.
- Strategic recommendations for the government to mitigate negative externalities while harnessing the benefits of globalization.
Excerpt from the Book
7.1 Sahnaz Begum’s Scenario in Globalization in Bangladesh
Globalization manifests itself in strange ways. Five years ago, Sahnaz Begum left her rural village in south east Bangladesh to find work in the capital city of Dhaka. Today, she lives in Ashulia, a sprawling slum on the city’s northern outskirts, a place of relentless poverty. Water supply and sanitation are major problems, especially in the rainy season. Sahnaz rents a one-room home that is little more than a shack, made of a mud wall, wooden slats, and a plastic roof. But six days a week she enters a different world. Like most young women in Ashulia, Sahnaz works as a machinist in a garments factory. Located in an export-processing zone and owned by a South Korean company, the factory produces designer-label shirts for a supply chain which leads to clients ranging from Pierrre Cardin to Adidas. The labels on the shirts read ‘Made in Bangladesh’ but the factory imports yarn from India, cloth from Taiwan and Korea, lining and packaging materials from China, and buttons from Indonesia. For her part in the operation, Sahnaz is paid $1.50 for a ten-hour day. One piece of this shirt is sold in the international market mainly in American market is at 100 to 200 US$.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Introduces globalization as an irresistible force shaping global economic and social activities, setting the stage for an analysis of its specific impact on rural Bangladesh.
2. Methodology of the Paper: Outlines the research approach, which combines secondary data from South Asian countries with in-depth empirical case studies from Bangladesh.
3. Structure of the Paper: Provides an overview of the document's organization, mapping out the progression from conceptual frameworks to empirical evidence and policy recommendations.
4. Conceptual Underpinning of the Globalization and Rural Development: Defines the core concepts of globalization and rural development, highlighting the shift in perspectives in the context of contemporary Bangladesh.
4.1 Concepts and Issues of Globalization: Examines various academic definitions and the multifaceted nature of the globalization process, including its risks, costs, and benefits.
4.2 Concept and Issues of Rural Development: Explores the multidimensional nature of rural development, emphasizing its role in improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized rural populations.
4.3 The Changed Perspectives of Rural Development in Bangladesh: Discusses the evolution of rural development programs in Bangladesh, moving from traditional community-based models to modern NGO-driven initiatives.
5. Globalization: Comparatives Scenario of South Asia and Bangladesh: Provides a comparative analysis of economic performance and poverty levels among South Asian countries, situating Bangladesh within this regional landscape.
6. Impact of Globalization on Rural Development in Bangladesh: Focuses on three primary consequences of globalization: environmental damage, changes in poverty levels, and impacts on women.
6.1 Impact of Globalization on Environment: Analyzes the environmental degradation caused by unplanned industrialization, agricultural chemical use, and the depletion of natural resources.
6.2 Impact of Globalization on Poverty: Investigates the dual impact of globalization on poverty, noting both the reduction in poverty through remittances and the widening gap of income inequality.
6.3 Impact of Globalization on women: Critically evaluates the employment opportunities created for women in the garment sector against the harsh working conditions and exploitation they endure.
7. Few Empirical Evidences of Impact of Globalization on Rural Development: Perspectives from Bangladesh: Presents three distinct case studies to illustrate the practical, lived realities of globalization in Bangladesh.
7.1 Sahnaz Begum’s Scenario in Globalization in Bangladesh: Details the struggle of a female garment worker in an export-processing zone, highlighting issues of low wages and transnational exploitation.
7.2 Shafiqul’s Success Story through Integrated Farming: Describes the success of a farmer utilizing NGOs and modern agricultural practices to improve his economic status.
7.3 Deedar Comprehensive Cooperative Societies: Recounts the rise and subsequent decline of a successful cooperative model in the face of competitive global market forces.
8. Discussion and Analysis of the Research Findings: Synthesizes the findings from previous sections, analyzing the broad structural impacts of global capitalism on rural Bangladesh.
8.1 Findings from the Case Studies: Draws out common themes from the empirical evidence, emphasizing the complexity of rural development in a globalized era.
8.2 Analysis of Environmental Hazards: Further explores the links between industrialization, natural resource depletion, and the lack of environmental regulations.
8.3 Analysis of the Impact on Poverty: Examines how remittances and agricultural improvements have contributed to economic growth, despite the underlying issue of income inequality.
8.4 Analysis of the Impact of Globalization on Women: Summarizes the paradoxical nature of women's employment, which offers income but often lacks safety and dignity.
9. Some Broad Observations on Impact of Globalizations: Provides a summary of the general positive and negative effects of globalization on third-world nations.
9.1 Overall Positive Impacts of Globalization: Lists benefits such as increased employment, competition, foreign trade, and knowledge transfer.
9.2 Overall Negative Impacts of Globalization: Highlights drawbacks including increased poverty, wage gaps, financial instability, and environmental destruction.
10. Suggestions and Recommendations: Proposes policy interventions for sustainable development, focusing on industrial regulation, social safety nets, and support for the agricultural sector.
11. Conclusion: Summarizes the main arguments, reaffirming the need for a collaborative approach to manage globalization and protect national interests.
Keywords
Globalization, Rural Development, Bangladesh, Poverty Reduction, Environmental Degradation, Garment Industry, Remittances, Income Inequality, Sustainable Development, Cooperative Societies, Privatization, Economic Growth, Women Empowerment, Export-Processing Zones, Social Safety Nets
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core subject of this research paper?
The paper examines the dual nature of globalization—both as an opportunity and a threat—regarding its impact on rural development in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on the environment, poverty, and women.
What are the primary thematic fields addressed in this study?
The study covers the intersection of global trade, environmental sustainability, socio-economic welfare, and the changing landscape of rural labor and entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
What is the primary research goal of the work?
The goal is to understand how Bangladesh can effectively coexist with and adapt to globalization, ensuring that economic growth does not occur at the expense of equity, environmental health, and the dignity of the most vulnerable groups.
What scientific methodology is applied in this research?
The author employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including a heuristic search of secondary academic literature and three in-depth empirical case studies.
What major topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers the conceptual underpinnings of globalization, comparative regional economic data, analyses of environmental hazards, poverty trends, the role of women in the labor force, and specific case studies like the Deedar Cooperative.
Which keywords best characterize the work?
Key terms include globalization, rural development, Bangladesh, poverty reduction, environmental degradation, income inequality, and sustainable industrialization.
What specific insights does the author offer regarding the garment industry?
The author highlights the paradoxical reality that while the garment industry has created vital income for millions of women, it simultaneously operates through the exploitation of labor, often subjecting workers to excessive hours and poor safety conditions.
What happened to the "Deedar Comprehensive Cooperative Society" according to the case study?
The cooperative, once a successful model of community development, eventually collapsed due to the onset of privatization and open market competition, which undermined the solidarity and collective purpose of its members.
How did the author define the unique experience of Bangladesh during the 1995-2000 global recession?
The author argues that Bangladesh was uniquely resilient, as its economy did not suffer as significantly as other South and East Asian nations, largely due to steady growth driven by remittances and modern agricultural practices.
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- Md. Mizanur Rahman (Autor:in), 2013, Impact of Globalization on Rural Development, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/210421
