Energy consultations were conducted in Indonesian resort hotels to get a deep insight into current energy practices and to develop improvement measures on a technical level. Soaring energy prices and a trend towards sustainable tourism in Indonesia make energy consumption an urgent question of business profitability in hotels. The research presents common consumption practices of small to large resorts and points out wasteful processes. As a guide for decision makers and engineers in the hotels a catalogue with improvement measures was developed, fitted to the Indonesian climate and energy market conditions. Energy efficient and renewable warm water supply solutions are assessed with dynamic economic methods and backed with sensitivity analyses, pointing out highly attractive investments and indicating a market for technology suppliers. Further innovative concepts for the exploitation of waste energy or renewable sources in resort hotels are discussed. The research reveals need for action and concludes with a set of key recommendations for decision makers in hotels.
Table of Contents
1 Foundations
1.1 Overview
1.2 Indonesia and Tourism
1.3 Weather and Climate Conditions
1.4 The Energy Sector of Indonesia
1.4.1 Supply Side
1.4.2 Demand Side
1.4.3 Energy Policy
1.4.3 Energy Prices
1.4.4 Trends for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
2 Research Method
2.1 Reasons for the selected Method
2.2 Energy Consulting
2.2.1 The German Guideline VDI 3922
2.2.2 Energy Consulting Approach by the dena
2.2.3 Implementation
2.3 Data Processing
2.3.1 Energy Conversion Factors
2.3.2 Correction of the Energy Consumption
2.3.3 Energy Characteristic Values
2.4 Comparison with Benchmarks
2.5 Economic Concepts
2.5.1 Methodical Procedure
2.5.2 Static Payback Period
2.5.3 Dynamic Economic Concepts
3 Findings of the Energy Consultations
3.1 About the collected Data
3.2 Introduction of the Hotels
3.3 Current Energy Situation of the inspected Hotels
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Current Practice and Energy Infrastructure
3.3.3 Energy Consumption and Energy Carrier Mix
3.3.4 Constant and variable Energy Consumption
3.3.5 Air Conditioning
3.3.6 Energy Flow Analysis
3.3.7 Energy Costs
3.3.8 CO2 Emissions
3.3.9 Best Practice Examples
3.4 Benchmark Comparison
3.5 Energy Saving Measures
3.5.1 Order of Measures
3.5.2 Avoiding unnecessary Energy Consumption
3.5.3 Optimizing the Energy Infrastructure
3.5.4 Energy Recovery
3.5.5 Investment in efficient and renewable Technology Solutions
3.6 Catalogue of Measures
4 Perspectives for efficient and renewable Technology Solutions
4.1 Overview and Technology Requirements
4.2 High System Efficiency with Heat Pumps
4.2.1 Heat Pumps and Operation Conditions in Indonesia
4.2.2 Exemplary Calculation of Profitability
4.2.3 Combination of Heat Pump and Chiller System
4.3 Suitable Renewable Energy Solutions
4.3.1 Overview on Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia
4.3.2 Irradiation
4.3.3 Solar Thermal Water Heating
4.3.4 Further Application Fields for Solar Energy
4.3.5 Photovoltaics
4.3.6 Energetic Use of Organic Waste
4.3.7 Chances and Barriers of Renewable Energy Use
5 Conclusion and Recommendations for Action
Research Objectives and Focus Areas
The primary objective of this thesis is to provide a profound assessment of energy consumption practices within Indonesian resort hotels to develop technical improvement measures. The research addresses the challenge of rising energy costs and the growing demand for sustainable tourism by investigating current wasteful processes and proposing energy-efficient, renewable alternatives tailored to local Indonesian conditions.
- Development of a catalogue of practical energy-saving measures for engineers and decision makers.
- Assessment of the profitability of efficient and renewable technology solutions such as heat pumps and solar thermal systems.
- Identification of renewable energy potential and energy recovery approaches in hotel operations.
- Benchmarking of hotel energy performance to provide actionable guidance for industry stakeholders.
Excerpt from the Book
3.3.6 Energy Flow Analysis
The analysis of the energy end users is not possible without making assumptions and estimations, because there are rarely meters in use. Figure 3.4 gives an overview of the energy flows in typical Indonesian resorts, which use diesel fired steam boilers and operate a laundry. The shares are exemplary values and differ from hotel to hotel. The chart represents a typical energy consumption situation found in the large resort hotels.
The energy flow chart shows that the chiller makes a large waste heat stream accessible during the cooling process. The proportion of the waste heat stream in the chart is not a result of measurement in the hotels, but of calculation. For the calculation, assumptions about the chiller’s performance were necessary. Typical coefficients of performance (COP)5 of electrical compression chillers are around 3.0-4.0 (Pech & Jens, 2005, p. 66). The efficiency only describes the momentary performance. Therefore a utilization ratio, which describes the performance over a specific period of time, has to be used. In Figure 3.4, a utilization ratio of 3.0 for the chiller is assumed.
The electricity consumption of the chiller and the removed heat from the hotel rooms that is contained in the chilled water return result in the waste heat flow. The re-cooling usually is realized by an additional water circuit with the upper temperature level between 30-40 °C. This water circuit gets cooled down around 3-5 °C in film-type cooling towers. The amount of energy that gets removed in this way, as shown in Figure 3.4, amounts to about 80 % of the TEC of the hotel. Although it is on a low temperature level, this waste energy flow offers the biggest potential for energy recovery in the hotels.
Summary of Chapters
1 Foundations: Provides an overview of the Indonesian energy sector, tourism industry, and local climatic conditions influencing energy demand in hotel buildings.
2 Research Method: Details the application of the German industry guideline VDI 3922 for conducting energy consultations, data processing, and economic evaluation concepts.
3 Findings of the Energy Consultations: Analyzes the gathered data from seven inspected hotels, including energy flows, costs, and current best practice examples for energy efficiency.
4 Perspectives for efficient and renewable Technology Solutions: Evaluates the profitability and technical feasibility of heat pumps, solar thermal systems, photovoltaics, and biogas for Indonesian resort hotels.
5 Conclusion and Recommendations for Action: Summarizes the key findings and provides concrete recommendations for decision makers and hotel associations to improve energy performance.
Keywords
Energy Consumption, Indonesia, Resort Hotels, Energy Efficiency, Renewables, Heat Pumps, Solar Thermal, Energy Consulting, VDI 3922, Profitability Analysis, Energy Saving Measures, Sustainable Tourism, Waste Heat Recovery, Benchmarking, Renewable Energy Policy
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on analyzing energy consumption practices in Indonesian resort hotels, identifying wasteful processes, and proposing technically and economically viable improvements to increase energy efficiency.
What are the primary themes covered in the study?
The study covers energy infrastructure, climate-specific energy demand, economic evaluation methods for energy investments, benchmarking, and the potential for renewable energy integration such as solar thermal and heat pumps.
What is the main objective of this Master Thesis?
The main objective is to provide a guide for hotel decision makers to improve energy performance and cost-effectiveness through a catalogue of actionable measures and investment assessments.
Which scientific methodology is applied?
The research follows the German industry guideline VDI 3922, conducting systematic energy consultations involving questionnaires, site inspections, and employee interviews to generate reliable data.
What topics are discussed in the main part of the report?
The main part covers the energy situation of the inspected hotels, energy flow analysis, benchmarking against international standards, and a detailed assessment of energy-saving and renewable technology solutions.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
The work is characterized by terms like Energy Efficiency, Indonesian Resort Hotels, Heat Pumps, Solar Thermal Systems, Energy Consulting, and Sustainability.
How does the climate in Indonesia influence the findings?
The tropical climate results in a year-round demand for air conditioning, making cooling and waste heat recovery from chiller systems a central theme for improving energy efficiency.
Why are heat pumps considered highly attractive for these hotels?
Heat pumps are highly efficient at lifting waste heat for water heating purposes, and in the Indonesian context, they offer a very short static payback period compared to traditional diesel-fired boilers.
What role does the "laundry process" play in the energy balance?
The laundry process is an energy-intensive department. The research suggests that implementing laundry saving programs can significantly reduce the overall hotel energy demand.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Jan Sternstein (Autor:in), 2011, Energy Consumption and Savings in Indonesian Resort Hotels, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/180419
