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Go to shop › American Studies - Literature

Open Range - Negotiating a Traditional Western in the 21st Century

Title: Open Range - Negotiating a Traditional Western in the 21st Century

Term Paper , 2010 , 26 Pages

Autor:in: Johannes Steinl (Author)

American Studies - Literature

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Summary Excerpt Details

Cattle being driven through a lush, green valley, a cowboy sitting on his horse with his back to the audience looking out into the open range of America’s Midwest, only limited by the horizon, dark clouds gathering on the far left side of the picture; these are the first images the viewer gets from Kevin Costner’s 2003 Western movie, Open Range . And, in fact, this is all the audience needs, to know what this movie is going to be about. Open Range is made in the tradition of a classic Western. The cinematography of the opening sequence already establishes that. During these long shots the camera literally dwells in the scenery, showing America’s open range, at its best – one could add. The symbolic meaning is conveyed immediately, since the audience recognizes the movie’s frontier setting.
Since the Western genre has undergone a freefall since the late 1970s not only in public interest, which is shown in box office rates, but also in its critical reception, it is interesting, that director Costner refers back to the Western’s grand age in Open Range, even more so if one considers the public, as well as, the critical success of the two most prominent Westerns of the 1990s. Both Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven and Dances With Wolves also by and with Kevin Costner offered a new interpretation of the classic Western, to be honored with an Oscar for best picture in the process. So why does Costner then in Open Range take on the classic model of the Western again?
The purpose of this paper is to try to give an answer to this question. To do so it is first necessary to investigate in how far Open Range can be considered a classic Western movie and how deviations can be interpreted. Having done so, we will have to read our findings against the political and cultural context of the time of production of Open Range, since movies are cultural products and especially in the case of the Western trigger certain expectations, which in our case address the central idea of American self-understanding, the frontier myth. The story told in the Western hence becomes a “cultural story” .

Excerpt


Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Open Range – negotiating a traditional Western Movie in the 21st Century

2. Open Range a Classic Western Movie

2.1 Open Range and its Classic Plotline

2.2 Cinematography

2.3Wilderness and Civilization

2.3.1Nature and Naturalism

2.3.2 The Threat of Civilization

2.4 The Heroes of Open Range

2.4.1 Boss Spearman: the Last of his Kind

2.4.2 Charley Waite: the Traumatized Professional

3. Shooting a Classical Western in the 21st Century

Zielsetzung & Themen

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit Kevin Costners Film "Open Range" als klassischer Western betrachtet werden kann und wie Abweichungen vom Genre-Standard im zeitgenössischen politischen und kulturellen Kontext zu interpretieren sind. Dabei wird analysiert, wie der Film einerseits tradierte Mythen bedient und andererseits durch die Charakterzeichnung eine Weiterentwicklung des Western-Genres widerspiegelt.

  • Analyse der narrativen Strukturen und des klassischen "American Monomyth"
  • Untersuchung der filmischen Mittel (Cinematography) und ihrer Bedeutung
  • Dichotomie von Zivilisation und Wildnis im Western
  • Vergleichende Charakterstudie: Boss Spearman als traditioneller Held vs. Charley Waite als traumatisierter Profi

Auszug aus dem Buch

2.4.2 Charley Waite: the Traumatized Professional

Characteristic to the second period of the Western production is a different take on the hero, which we can witness in the persona of Charley Waite in Open Range. In contrast to Spearman’s character Costner within Waite puts less effort in picturing a hero in the traditional mythology of the West. Costner rather has its focus on his psychology and individuality, a trend which has set in in the Western genre with the “postwar/Cold War transition”. Constitutive for the heroes or even anti-heroes – if we credit Slotkin’s interpretation of these specific characters as noir characters – are “pathological elements in the hero’s character” and his “professionalism in the arts of violence”. Charley Waite carries both of these features.

We, for instance, learn about Charley’s past in a scene between the ambush and the return to Harmonville. Regarding the plot the scene is important, because violence for Boss and Charley has become inevitable. Hence Charley is forced by his traumata or by his respect to Boss to unravel his past. This even has more emphasis for we have also learned in the movie beforehand that Boss and Charley have been riding together for “a decade”, without any word of Charley’s past. He then tells Boss that he had shot his first man when he was not older then 16, because his “pa” had died and the man who held the papers for their farm, sought payment “of his mom any way he could.” Then he “ran off and joined the army” and “was made into a special squad” which was to “make trouble anywhere [it] could” in the enemy territory”. From that time one “it wasn’t long before […] were killing men who weren’t even in uniform”. After the war Charley went west where there was “a lot of call for men with due skills” and worked for “men just like Baxter”.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel

1. Open Range – negotiating a traditional Western Movie in the 21st Century: Die Einleitung etabliert das Ziel der Arbeit, Costners Film im Kontext der Western-Tradition zu verorten und dessen kulturelle Bedeutung zu untersuchen.

2. Open Range a Classic Western Movie: Dieses Kapitel analysiert die standardisierten Erzählmuster und die Genre-Einordnung von "Open Range" als "Ranch Story".

2.1 Open Range and its Classic Plotline: Hier wird die Handlung des Films im Rahmen der "American Monomyth"-Theorie und Wrights "vengeance variation" zusammengefasst und eingeordnet.

2.2 Cinematography: Dieses Kapitel beleuchtet, wie die visuelle Gestaltung und Kameratechniken den Film in die Tradition von John Ford stellen.

2.3Wilderness and Civilization: Es wird die fundamentale Dichotomie des Westerns zwischen der positiven, regenerativen Wildnis und der potenziell korrupten Zivilisation untersucht.

2.3.1Nature and Naturalism: Untersuchung der realistischen Darstellung der Cowboy-Routine und der Verbindung der Charaktere zur Natur.

2.3.2 The Threat of Civilization: Analyse der Stadt Harmonville als Ort der Gefahr und die Bedeutung des Sturms als regeneratives Element.

2.4 The Heroes of Open Range: Einleitung in die Charaktertypen des Films, die den Wandel des Western-Helden über das 20. Jahrhundert spiegeln.

2.4.1 Boss Spearman: the Last of his Kind: Charakterisierung von Boss Spearman als Archetyp des traditionellen, moralisch überlegenen Western-Helden.

2.4.2 Charley Waite: the Traumatized Professional: Analyse von Charley Waite als modernen, psychologisch komplexeren Helden mit traumatischer Vergangenheit.

3. Shooting a Classical Western in the 21st Century: Das Fazit fasst zusammen, wie "Open Range" die klassische Ära mit dem modernen Western versöhnt und als kulturelle Verhandlung verstanden werden kann.

Schlüsselwörter

Open Range, Kevin Costner, Western, American Monomyth, Frontier Myth, Boss Spearman, Charley Waite, Cinematography, Zivilisation, Wildnis, Genre-Entwicklung, traumatisiert, Professionalität, Kulturgeschichte, Mythologie

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Worum geht es in dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit grundsätzlich?

Die Arbeit untersucht Kevin Costners Film "Open Range" (2003) hinsichtlich seiner Verankerung in der klassischen Western-Tradition und analysiert, wie der Film das Genre durch moderne Charakterzeichnungen weiterentwickelt.

Was sind die zentralen Themenfelder der Analyse?

Im Zentrum stehen die filmische Ästhetik (Cinematography), die symbolische Dichotomie zwischen Wildnis und Zivilisation sowie die psychologische Entwicklung der Hauptfiguren.

Was ist das primäre Ziel oder die Forschungsfrage?

Die Forschungsfrage lautet, warum Costner ein klassisches Western-Modell wählte, obwohl das Genre seit den 1970er Jahren an Bedeutung verloren hatte, und wie dies als "kulturelle Geschichte" zu deuten ist.

Welche wissenschaftliche Methode wird verwendet?

Der Autor verwendet eine filmwissenschaftliche und kulturwissenschaftliche Analyse, gestützt auf die Genre-Theorien von Will Wright, Robert Jewett und John Shelton Lawrence.

Was wird im Hauptteil der Arbeit behandelt?

Der Hauptteil gliedert sich in eine strukturale Analyse der Handlung ("Ranch Story"), eine Untersuchung der Kameraführung und einen detaillierten Vergleich der beiden Heldenfiguren Spearman und Waite.

Welche Schlüsselwörter charakterisieren die Arbeit?

Zu den wichtigsten Begriffen zählen "American Monomyth", "Frontier Myth", "Regeneration through violence" und die psychologische Transformation des Western-Helden.

Welche Rolle spielt die Figur des Boss Spearman im Vergleich zu Charley Waite?

Boss Spearman verkörpert den "letzten seiner Art" – einen traditionellen, moralisch festen Helden –, während Charley Waite als moderner, traumatisierter "Professional" die dunkleren Facetten des 20. Jahrhunderts in das Genre einbringt.

Wie interpretiert der Autor das Ende des Films?

Das Ende wird nicht nur als Sieg über das Böse gesehen, sondern als eine notwendige Versöhnung von klassischer Tradition und moderner Reflexion, um das Genre zukunftsfähig zu halten.

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Details

Title
Open Range - Negotiating a Traditional Western in the 21st Century
Author
Johannes Steinl (Author)
Publication Year
2010
Pages
26
Catalog Number
V165039
ISBN (eBook)
9783640908189
ISBN (Book)
9783640908431
Language
German
Tags
Western Frontier Civilization Wilderness Cinematography Kevin Costner John Ford
Product Safety
GRIN Publishing GmbH
Quote paper
Johannes Steinl (Author), 2010, Open Range - Negotiating a Traditional Western in the 21st Century, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/165039
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Excerpt from  26  pages
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