The study examined the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. The study adopted a survey approach to seek the perception of 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The major findings revealed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria affirmed high importation of China mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances. In addition, the respondents confirmed that China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome.
However, the curiosity regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome would continue to linger. Hence, the study recommends the establishment of China technology companies for the production of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances in Nigeria to make these products more affordable, and accessible, and create more jobs for Nigeria citizens.
Table of Contents
Abstract...2
Introduction...3
Statement...7
Research Questions...7
Methodology...7
Analysis Setting...10
Analysis of Research Questions...10
Summary of Findings...14
Nigeria Importation Syndrome...15
China Technology Products...16
Recommendations...17
Study Limitations...19
Conclusion...19
References...20
Abstract
The study examined the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. The study adopted a survey approach to seek the perception of 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The major findings revealed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria affirmed high importation of China mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances. In addition, the respondents confirmed that China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome. However, the curiosity regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome would continue to linger. Hence, the study recommends the establishment of China technology companies for the production of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances in Nigeria to make these products more affordable, and accessible, and create more jobs for Nigeria citizens.
Keywords: technology, dominance, china, nigeria, importation, syndrome
Introduction
Trade liberalization is a global occurrence that allows nations to take comparative advantage of the resources available to them. Every nation imports and exports products, but some nations do not have enough natural resources they need for exports. Nigeria is a significant trading partner in Africa and the most populous and largest market, there is practically nothing that is not imported into Nigeria. Experts revealed that Nigeria is an import-dependent nation, indeed a dumping ground for all manner of industrial consumables from different countries. Adeyeye (2020) reported that 70% of medicine used in Nigeria are imported while only about 30% are produced in Nigeria. She further stated that Nigeria produces merely a fraction of what it consumes, while the rest is imported.
Data from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development revealed that about 1.5 billion dollars’ worth of dairy products are imported into Nigeria every year (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2020). Furthermore, Mu’azu, (2020) stated that about 5 billion US dollars’ worth of food is imported yearly into Nigeria of which milk and dairy products account for 1.2 to 1.5 billion dollars. Okwe (2023) stated that the volume of imports as well as exports is affected by movements in exchange rate. He further states that when a country's currency appreciates, export decreases, while imports of textiles increase. This is because it is more expensive to export than to import. January 2011, the Nigeria Minister of Finance informed the Nigerian public that the importation of toothpicks, table water, textile, and other materials has been removed from the Nigeria import prohibition list. Meaning that these items are free to be imported into Nigeria. This action further worsens the uncontrolled importation of materials to the Nigerian market (Omoh, 2011).
Similarly, data from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2009) shows that trade figures in 2009 went down by 3 percent from 2008 with exports constituting constitute 59.6 percent and imports 40.4 percent. In 2009, the value of imports increased to 53 percent and exports dropped to 22.3 percent (Omoh, 2011). The 2021 NBS reports show that the majority of the goods imported during the first quarter of 2021 originated from China and are valued at N2,009 trillion representing 29,34% (NBS, 2021). NBS further states that in the first quarter of 2021, a total import was valued at N6.850 trillion representing 70.21 percent of the total trade which increased by 15.6 percent by the fourth quarter of 2020 (NBS, 2021). In addition, Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC) data reported that the total value of exports from China to Nigeria in 2021 was $21.9 billion (NBS, 2021). In the first quarter of 2023, it stood at $1.06 billion. China’s main exports include telephones and other electronic products.
Nigeria's exports appear to experience a continued decline while importsNigeria'sexports are at their peak indicating a negative trade balance. This shows a negative relationship existed between Nigeria's exchange rate and foreign trade balance (Okwe, 2023). Unguided importation of consumables and other non-essential items to Nigeria has attracted criticisms from organizations within and outside the country, calling on the federal government of Nigeria to come up with measures to curtail the unwholesome depletion of the nation’s foreign exchange reserves.
With the investment and advancement of communication technology in the past two decades in Nigeria, foreign companies have invested massively in communication technology by building new technologies and expansion of Nigeria's digital economy. Sequel to this, Bandele (2023) reported that smartphones have become highly generally important to Nigerians in their daily lives. Chinese companies have introduced over 300 brands of smartphones into the Nigerian market making different brands of smartphones more affordable and accessible to Nigerians for the past 15 years (Bandele 2023).
Furthermore, the importation of smartphones to Nigeria has reached over 8 million in 2022 making China brands of phones becoming the top brands in Nigeria. These products include Vivo, Oppo, Xiaomi, Techno Mobile, Huawei, ZTE, Zopo, Umi, Lenovo, OnePlus, and Meizu as well as huge investments in Opay and PalmPay used for financial transactions (Bandele, 2023). Reports revealed that every day Nigeria experiences a brand of Chinese technology products such as Infinix, Huawei, GTE, Alcatel, Opay,, and Palmpays for transactions making Nigeria a home to Chinese imported brands of products and services (Bandele, 2023).
The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC, 2020) stated that the major challenge is how to curtail the importation of illicit drugs to Nigeria. The agency further affirmed its collaboration with shipping agents in China and India. Nigeria seems to have become a nation where all manner of foreign products are being pushed in without hindrance. However, the government seems not to care as more non-essential items formally placed on the import prohibited list are being lifted.
Used products like vehicle tires, textiles and clothing, footwear, household wear, auto-spare parts, all kinds of used mobile phones and other technology gadgets are being imported into Nigeria every day through the nation's corrupt and porous borders. These used imported products have made concerned Nigerians at home and abroad call for proper monitoring of these used products in Nigeria. As such a proper understanding is needed regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome. To gain insight into this debate, this study was conducted to ascertain how the technological dominance of China influenced Nigeria's importation syndrome. It is unclear if Nigeria’s entrepreneurs, business owners, traders of contraband imported goods in south-south Nigeria would perceive the technology dominance of China to influence Nigeria's importation syndrome.
As the world is advancing and experiencing more frequent security challenges, crises, and conflicts. Technology has become a tool for social interaction and as such China has invested massively in technology exportation to help nations overcome these challenges. Reports show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, countries without sufficient technology infrastructure suffered the greatest losses (UNESCO, 2021). This could necessitate the implementation of some strategic measures and strategies that could increase Nigeria’s exports and employ economic policies to reduce the importation of contraband products into Nigeria. In addition, due to the poor implementation of relevant laws in Nigeria, the importation of contraband goods seems to be a regular norm in Nigeria's borders.
The question is, to what extent technology dominance of China influence Nigeria importation syndrome? Bandele (2023) reported that Chinese companies have introduced over 300 brands of smartphones into the Nigerian market making different brands of smartphones more affordable and accessible to Nigerians for the past 15 years. In addition, the importation of smartphones into the Nigerian market has reached over 8 million in 2022 making Chinese phones the top brands in Nigeria. In a bid to examine the extent of Nigeria's importation syndrome, Adeyeye affirmed that Nigeria produces merely a fraction of what it consumes, while the rest are imported (Adeyeye, 2020). In anticipation of increasing exportation and a decrease in the importation of smuggled contraband products to Nigeria from China, the Nigeria government could seek the collaboration of the shipping agents in China and focus more on non-essential items and place them on the import prohibited list (NAFDAC, 2020). Based on this, I investigated how traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive the technological dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome.
Statement
Due to the moribund state of Nigeria's industries, residents virtually depend on imported products for survival. Reports have shown that bilateral trade between China and Nigeria has grown from about $300 million in the 1990s to over $ 26 billion in 2023 (Bandele, 2023). Nigerian importers and exporters have advocated for strategic policy implementation that will open up Nigerian exports. To provide better insight into Nigeria's importation syndrome, this study examines the technological dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome.
Research Questions
1. How do Nigerian traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive Nigeria's importation syndrome?
2. To what extent do China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome?
Methodology
Research Design
This study intended to find out the perception of Nigerian traders/dealers regarding the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. To this extent, the interview and documentation method. The instrument consists of open-ended questions structured in line with the research questions to explore the views and opinions of Nigerian traders on Chinese technology products. The interview method involves asking questions through face-to-face conversations (Bhandari 2022). Scholars affirm that, when comparing questionnaires to interviews, the most powerful research instrument that allows researchers to collect narrative data in great depth is the interview method (Alshenqeeti, 2014; Lune & Berg, 2017). The interview questions were structured in line with the following research hypotheses:
1. Traders/dealers of China technology products significantly perceive Nigeria's importation syndrome?
2. China's technology products will significantly influence Nigeria's importation syndrome?
The interview instrument covered demographic variables of the trader’s address, location, gender, years of experience, interview date, and duration of the interview. The interview questions were focused on Technology dominance of China (TDC) whichwas measured using 12 documented items, which seek the participant’s views and opinions regarding made-in-China technology products. Likewise, Part B of the interview was focused on Nigeria importation syndrome (NIS)was measured using 18 documented items regarding Nigeria's importation of technology products from China. The outcome of the participant’s responses was recycled and analyzed.
To understand the perception of traders/dealers of China technology products in Nigeria, I visited technology and mobile phone villages and depots in Benin, Warri, and Port Harcourt to collect relevant information. The interview and documentation were done in line with the research questions of the study. This is to ensure that all relevant information regarding the research questions is covered. The traders who willingly participated in the study were scheduled for an initial and final interview at their convenience business locations. The procedure includes visiting the participant’s shops, greeting them, describing the purpose of the interview, and interviewing them. I constructed a pilot study in the initial interview to test the validity of the interview protocol (Patton, 2015).
The interview questions were made up of Yes or No questions. The participants’ responses were rated as Yes or No. The outcomes of the Yes or Noresponses rating were very much related to the agree or disagree responses rating (Krosnick & Presser, 2010). After the initial interview which lasted about 25 minutes, the member checking which involved the review of the transcripts of interview responses to repeat the questions for final responses. The respondents were given the right to continue or discontinue the interview when they felt uncomfortable with the questions. The respondents were also allowed to decline comments on questions not clear to them. Each trader's location was placed in a cluster identifier to identify their location The identifiers help to avoid errors in the data analysis stage.
To maintain the authenticity and originality of this investigation, traders and apprentices of China mobile phones, electronics, and communication gadgets were employed to supply adequate information regarding China's technological dominance and Nigeria's importation syndrome. From this research site, I randomly selected 13 entrepreneurs, 39 business owners, and 16 traders/readers of used goods. The total number of respondents randomly selected was 68 in south-south Nigeria. Because the study aimed to solicit the perception of entrepreneurs, business owners, and dealers of used imported goods regarding the technology dominance of China and Nigeria importation syndrome, fewer participants who are have sound knowledge of made-in-China technology products and the rate of Nigerians importing products from China would be appropriate for this study.
The interview data of traders and their apprentices were used for the data collection. The interview lasted for 25 minutes for each participant. The participants were informed about the voice recording tool which I used to collect data during the interview. A mobile phone voice recorder was used to record the views and opinions of the respondents before transcribing the data. At this stage, I assumed that the collected data from participants met the requirement for triangulation (Fusch et al., 2018). To understand the technological dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome, I paid a special visit to the technology and mobile villages and depots in south-south Nigeria. To this extent, I planned two separate interview questions for the traders and dealers who are familiar with the China products. At the end of the interview, I asked the participants if there was other information they wished to share with me to supply more information on the China'sChina's technology dominance and Nigeria's importation syndrome and how best Nigeria could reduce China dominance in Nigeria's technology market. Finally, I appreciate all the respondents who participated in the study.
To analyze the data mean scores and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) were employed. The percentage frequency distribution and mean scores were used to answer the research questions, while PPMCC was used to test the hypotheses. PPMC was used to determine whether to retain or reject the research hypotheses and to determine the significant correlation between the variables. Laerd (2020) opined that Pearson Product Moment Correlation is a measure of the strength and direction of a linear connection between two variables. The cluster interviewed data were coded as Yes and No responses. PPMCC was employed to measure the correlation between participant’s response. PPMCC were responses considered appropriate for the study because it is assumed each set of scores is normally distributed in either ratio or interval scale. .05 alpha level was used to determine whether to retain or reject the hypotheses.
Analysis Setting
Analysis of Research Questions
Research question 1:How do Nigeria traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive Nigeria importation syndrome?
Results connected with research question 1 are presented in Figure 1 below:
This figure is not included in the reading sample.
source: Field Survey, 2024
Figure 1, show a percentage YES and No responses of 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The total percentage scores for the YES responses were 73.6 percent said YES to the research items while 26.4 percent said NO to the items. The results showed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria highly perceive the importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China.
Research Two: To what extent China technology products influence Nigeria importation
syndrome?
Results connected with research question 2 are presented in Figure 2 below:
This figure is not included in the reading sample.
Sources:Field Survey, 2024
Result in Figure 2, show a percentage YES and No responses of the 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The total percentage scores for the YES responses were 69.3 percent perceive YES to the research items while 31.7 percent perceive NO to the items. The results showed that traders/dealers of China’s technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive that to a very large extent China’s technology products influence Nigeria’s importation syndrome. This is because it is cheaper than other products imported from Europe, America, and other Asia countries.
Hypotheses Testing
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to test the hypotheses. The hypotheses statements were clustered in line with the collated interviews. The result is shown are presented as follows:
Hypothesis 1: Traders of China technology products in south-south Nigeria will significantly perceive Nigeria importation syndrome.
Results connected with hypothesis 1 are presented in Table 1 below:
Table 1: Nigeria Importation Syndrome
This table is not included in the reading sample.
Table 1 above shows the perception result of the traders/dealers of technology products in south-south Nigeria regarding Nigeria importation syndrome (n=66). The hypothesis was tested for a significant correlation between the trader’s/dealers perception and the Nigeria’s importation syndrome. Correlation test was conducted to determine the direction and strength of the perception between the respondent’s perception along with its p-value. The correlation coefficient (r) was 1.00 and the p-value was .05. The result showed that Nigeria’s importation syndrome is positively correlated at .05. positive correlation means that as the responses of the traders/dealers regarding Nigeria’s importation syndrome increases, the perception level of the Traders/dealers might probably increase. Since the p-value is p<.05, the alternate hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is retained. It can therefore be concluded that trader’s/dealers perception regarding China technology products significantly correlated Nigeria’s importation syndrome.
Hypothesis 2:China technology products will significantly influence Nigeria importation
syndrome.
Results connected with hypothesis 2 are presented in Table 2 below:
Table 2: China Technology Products
This figure is not included in the reading sample.
The hypothesis two was tested for a significant correlation between traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. A Pearson correlation coefficient test was conducted to determine the direction and strength of the perception between the variables along with its p-value. Table 2 shows the result of the correlation between the Nigerian traders and China technology products at (df = 66). The correlation coefficient (r) was .86 and the p-value was .05. The result showed that the Nigeria traders and dealers positively correlates at .05. positive correlation means that as the responses of the traders/dealers increases, the perception level of the traders/dealers regarding the influence of China technology products might probably increase. Since the p-value is p<.05, the alternate hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected. It can therefore be concluded that China technology significantly influence Nigeria importation syndrome.
Summary of Findings
Summary of Research Question 1
The first research question was “How do Nigerian traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive Nigeria importation syndrome?” To answer the question, I employed the percentage frequency distribution. The results showed that The results showed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria highly perceive the importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China. The second step in the analysis was the test of hypothesis, to test the hypothesis. I employed the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient model. The results showed a significant correlation between the perception of Nigeria's traders/dealers of China technology products regarding the importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China (p= .1.00).
Summary of Research Question 2
The second research question was “To what extent does China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome?” To answer the question, I employed percentage frequency distribution. The results showed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceived to a very large extent that China technology products influence Nigeria's importations syndrome. This is because it is cheaper than other products imported from Europe, America, and other Asia countries. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient model was employed to test the research hypothesis. The results showed a significant correlation between the traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria regarding the influence of China technology products on Nigeria's importation syndrome (p= 0.86).
Interpretation of Results
Nigeria Importation Syndrome
This study confirmed that that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria highly perceive the importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China. The study aligns with Adeyeye’s views that Nigeria produces merely a fraction of what it consumes, while the rest is imported (Adeyeye, 2020). Experts revealed that Nigeria is an import-dependent nation, indeed a dumping ground for all manner of industrial consumables from different countries. It is clear that since the removal of toothpicks, table water, textiles, and other materials from the Nigeria import prohibition list in January 2011, Nigeria's importation syndrome experienced a worse and uncontrolled importation syndrome (Omoh, 2011). Nigeria being a significant trading partner in Africa and the most populous and largest market, encourages liberal trade. To this extent, Vogytsky (1978) observed that people’s ability to cooperate and interact could create a friendly environment for people to engage one another.
Okwe (2023) stated that the volume of imports as well as exports is affected by movements in exchange rate. He further states that when a country's currency appreciates, export decreases, while imports increase. This is because it is more expensive to export than to import. Interestingly, this study learned that the volume of imports significantly predicts Nigeria's exchange rate. This has led to a reasonable presumption that Nigeria's currency appreciates, importation of foreign products into Nigeria increases. This means that other countries in Africa with similar importation syndrome could experience similar results. This study affirmed The 2021 Nigeria Bureau of Statistics reports showing that the majority of the goods imported during the first quarter of 2021 originated from China representing 29.34% (NBS, 2021).
China Technology Products
This study found that China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome. Indicating that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceived to a very large extent the influence of China products in Nigeria's market. With the investment and advancement of communication technology in the past two decades in Nigeria, foreign companies have invested massively in communication technology by building new technologies and expanding Nigeria's digital economy. This study's findings support the above claim. It was interesting that the result showed a significant influence of China's technology products on Nigeria's importation syndrome. This seems to align with Bandele’s claim that Chinese companies have introduced over 300 brands of smartphones into the Nigerian market making different brands of smartphones more affordable and accessible to Nigerians for the past 15 years (Bandele 2023).
Furthermore, Bandele (2023) posited that Nigeria's importation of smartphones will reach over 8 million in 2022 making China brands of phones becoming the top brands in Nigeria. These products include Vivo, Oppo, Xiaomi, Techno Mobile, Huawei, ZTE, Zopo, Umi, Lenovo, OnePlus, and Meizu as well as huge investments in Opay and PalmPay used for financial transactions (Bandele, 2023). While this study suggests that China's technology can increase Nigeria's importation syndrome, Nigeria's importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China requires a better approach to encourage local production of these technology gadgets and appliances in Nigeria.
To increase local production of these gadgets and appliances, Nigeria's government would make the environment safer and supportive for local industries. Based on this, the hypothetic claim that China's technology products will significantly influence Nigeria's importation syndrome appears to be true. However, this study suggests that China's technology products are cheaper and more affordable for Nigerians than other products imported from Europe, America, and other Asia countries. In light of the above, it is pertinent to consider China's technology products in most African continents since Nigerians experience a brand of Chinese technology products such as Infinix, Huawei, GTE, Alcatel, Opay, and Palmpays for transactions making Nigeria a home to Chinese imported brands of products and services (Bandele, 2023).
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study on the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome, the following recommendations may be useful to Nigeria.
Established Chinese technology companies in Nigeria to produce Chinese mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances to make these products more affordable and accessible and create more jobs for Nigerians.
Nigeria’s government and its relevant agencies should create a conducive environment that would reduce Nigeria's importation syndrome and encourage local production of these technology products in Nigeria. The report revealed that the total value of exports from China to Nigeria in 2021 was $21.9 billion (NBS, 2021).
Nigeria's government and its relevant agencies should come up with measures to curtail this unwholesome depletion of the nation’s foreign exchange reserves to guide the importation of consumables and other non-essential items to Nigeria. Reports show that the majority of the goods imported during the first quarter of 2021 originated from China and are valued at N2,009 trillion representing 29,34% (NBS, 2021).
Nigeria is a dumping ground for all manner of foreign products without hindrance. This study recommends government and its relevant agencies seek the collaboration of shipping agents in China as a way to reduce Nigeria's importation syndrome.
Nigeria's government should consider the ban on the importation of used mobile phones and other technology gadgets to Nigeria. These used imported products have made concerned Nigerians home and abroad call for proper monitoring and strengthening of corrupt and porous borders.
The Nigerian legislators should consider revisiting the Import Prohibition Act. This could promote adequate awareness, sensitization, and guidelines regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome. Nigeria's importers' and exporters understanding of this would reduce too much importation of consumables and non-consumables to Nigeria.
Study Limitations
The study’s limitations include how to get the respondents, distance, and selected responses of fewer numbers of China technology traders/dealers in south-south Nigeria. How to get the respondents to understand the purpose of the study was the first limitation I encountered in the study because the study involved educated and non-educated traders/dealers of China technology products in the technology village and deports in south-south Nigeria. To overcome these limitations, I liaise with a friend of mine who buys Chinese mobile phones and sells them on a retail scale. Another limitation was distance, because the study covers six States of the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria; the face-to-face data collection process was somehow limited to cover the six States. To overcome these limitations, I organized the questionnaire checklist into an online portable Google form to easily cover the six States selected for the study. Another major limitation was fewer traders/dealers of China technology products. This was because, in a survey study, it is assumed that fewer numbers of participants could be a generalization of a larger size. Based on this I presumed that larger numbers of samples could yield different results. Furthermore, the sincerity of the traders/dealers could be influenced by their perception, experience, location, and gender. Based on the responses of the fewer traders/dealers, it is sensible to guess that these fewer numbers of traders/dealers could provide substantial evidence regarding the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. However, the perception of China technology products from the remaining 30 States of Nigeria and FCT could yield different results.
Conclusion
This study examined the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. The study adopted a survey research design to seek the perception of 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The major findings revealed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive high importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China. In addition, the result also showed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceived to a very large extent that China technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome. However, the curiosity about the high importation of China technology products to Nigeria would continue to linger. Hence, the research question raised for the study on how Nigerian traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria perceive Nigeria importation syndrome and the extent China technology products influence Nigeria importation syndrome has been partially answered. The findings recommend the establishment of China technology companies in the production of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances in Nigeria to make these technology products more affordable and accessible and create more jobs for Nigerians.
References
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Bandele, L. (2023). China and Nigeria: consolidating over five decades of enduring partnership.
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Fusch, P., Fusch, G. E., & Ness, L. R. (2018). Denzin’s paradigm shift: Revisiting triangulation
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Wright, J.D. (eds) Handbook of Survey Research, 2nd edn. Howard House, UK: Emerald, pp. 263–313.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the study about?
The study examines the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome, focusing on the perceptions of traders/dealers of Chinese technology products in south-south Nigeria.
What methodology was used in the study?
The study employed a survey approach, using interviews and documentation with open-ended questions. Mean scores and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) were used to analyze the data.
What were the main findings regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome?
The study found that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria highly perceive the importation of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances from China.
To what extent do China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome, according to the study?
The study indicates that China's technology products significantly influence Nigeria's importation syndrome, primarily due to their affordability compared to products from Europe, America, and other Asian countries.
What recommendations were made based on the study's findings?
The recommendations include establishing Chinese technology companies in Nigeria to produce these goods locally, creating a conducive environment to reduce Nigeria's import dependence, curtailing the depletion of foreign exchange reserves, banning the importation of used technology gadgets, and revisiting the Import Prohibition Act.
What were the limitations of the study?
The study limitations included difficulties in getting respondents, the distance to cover the six states of south-south Nigeria, and the selection of a relatively small number of China technology traders/dealers. The potential for trader/dealer perceptions, experiences, location, and gender to influence responses was also noted.
What does the study conclude about China technology and Nigeria's importation syndrome?
The study concludes that traders/dealers perceive a high importation of Chinese technology and that China's technology products significantly influence Nigeria's importation syndrome. It advocates for local production of technology goods in Nigeria to create jobs and make these products more affordable.
What data source was used for the study?
Primary data collection included the traders and apprentices and face to face discussions regarding technological advances and also collection of secondary data from NBS and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Okpeku Timothy (Autor:in), Hon. Prof. Julius Omonzuanvbo Ihonvbere (Co-Autor:in), 2024, Technology Dominance of China and Nigeria Importation Syndrome, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/1446429
