Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the connective tissue attachment and supporting bone around the teeth. It is widely accepted that the initiation and the progression of periodontitis are dependent on the presence of virulent microorganisms capable of causing disease. Although the bacteria are initiating agents in periodontitis, the host response to the pathogenic infection is critical to disease progression. After its initiation, the disease progresses with the loss of collagen fibers and attachment to the cemental surface, apical migration of the junctional epithelium, formation of deepened periodontal pockets, and resorption of alveolar bone. If left untreated, the disease continues with progressive bone destruction, leading to tooth mobility and subsequent tooth loss. Periodontal disease afflicts over 50% of the adult population in the United States, with approximately 10% displaying severe disease concomitant with early tooth loss.
A goal of periodontal diagnostic procedure is to provide useful information to the clinician regarding the present periodontal disease type, location and severity. These findings serve as a basis for treatment planning and provide essential data during periodontal maintenance and disease monitoring phases of treatment. Traditional periodontal diagnostic parameters used clinically include probing depths, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment levels, plaque index, and radiographs assessing alveolar bone level. The strengths of these traditional tools are their ease of use, their cost-effectiveness, and that they are relatively noninvasive. Traditional diagnostic procedures are inherently limited, in that only disease history, not current disease status, can be assessed. Clinical attachment loss readings by the periodontal probe and radiographic evaluations of alveolar bone loss measure damage from past episodes of destruction and require a 2 to 3mm threshold change before a site can be identified as having experienced a significant anatomic event.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Definition and Ideal Criteria of Biomarker
- Need for a Periodontal Diagnostic Indicator/ Uses
- Host response in periodontal disease
- Test to detect biomarker
- Classification of biomarkers in periodontal diseases
- GCF biomarkers of periodontal disease activity
- Salivary Biomarkers of periodontal disease activity
- Bone remodelling and bone resorption biomarkers
- Proteonomic markers
- Genomic markers
- Serum diagnostics/ Marker for periodontal disease
- Clinical applications
- Future Directions
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This text aims to provide a comprehensive overview of biomarkers in periodontal diseases, exploring their role in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. It examines the definition and ideal criteria of biomarkers, the need for diagnostic indicators, and the host response in periodontal disease. The text further explores various classifications of biomarkers in periodontal diseases, including GCF biomarkers, salivary biomarkers, bone remodeling biomarkers, proteonomic markers, and genomic markers. Additionally, it discusses serum diagnostics and clinical applications of biomarkers in periodontal diseases.
- Definition and criteria of biomarkers in periodontal disease
- The role of biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring periodontal disease
- Different types of biomarkers used in periodontal disease research and clinical practice
- The potential of biomarkers for improving treatment outcomes and patient management
- Future directions and challenges in the field of biomarkers in periodontal diseases
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 1: Introduction provides an overview of periodontitis, a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the teeth and surrounding tissues. It highlights the role of bacteria and host response in disease progression and discusses the limitations of traditional diagnostic procedures. The need for objective measures like biomarkers to assess periodontal risk is emphasized. Chapter 2: Definition delves into the definition of biomarkers and explores their application in complex diseases like periodontitis. It emphasizes the need for a simple, chair-side test to identify active periodontitis. The ideal criteria for a biomarker are outlined, including high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in reflecting the disease.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The text focuses on the key terms and concepts related to biomarkers in periodontal diseases, including: periodontal disease, biomarkers, diagnostic indicators, host response, GCF biomarkers, salivary biomarkers, bone remodeling biomarkers, proteonomic markers, genomic markers, serum diagnostics, clinical applications, and future directions.
- Quote paper
- Hiroj Bagde (Author), 2014, Biomakers and the Periodontal Disease. Diagnosis and Treatment, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/431649
