In this research work TPE has been constructed by using High density polyethylene (HDPE) and Whole tire reclaimed rubber (RR). Optimized ratio of 50:50 HDPE: RR has been employed for the survey. Gamma irradiation and conventional chemical crosslinking with crosslinking coagent method were used to form a product. Results for gamma irradiation at 200KGy have been established for the best attributes.Waste management is an important issue of the 21st century. In India out of total waste generated every day; nearly 12-15% consists of polymeric waste. In this waste rubber content huge amount of itself due to growing automobile sector. It is hard to manage rubber waste as it’s not biodegradable and may be harmful to human organism. So the safe method is to reuse it as it is or by reclamation. Incorporation of this waste in the polymeric blends to form a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is the best way to utilize rubber waste. Thermoplastic materials like PE, PP, and PVC are cheap and widely available material to utilize for such determinations. The aim of project was to improve the overall properties of HDPE/ Reclaimed Rubber blend system and form a good example of new class of TPE. Blend of
HD and reclaimed rubber shows drastic enhancement in properties which can be used in automobile and other sectors.
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Recycling of Rubber Wastes:
2.1.1 Rubber recovery:
2.1.2 Why recovery or Reclaimation??
2.1.3 Rubber Reclaimation:
2.1.4 Advantages of using Reclaimed Rubber:
2.1.5 Rubber recycling by blending with plastics:
2.2 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
2.2.1 Toughening HDPE with elastomers:
2.3 Polymer Blend:
2.3.1 Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE):
2.3.2 Classification of TPE:
2.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of TPE:
2.4 Crosslinking Methods:
2.4.1 Peroxide crosslinking:
2.4.2 Radiation Crosslinking:
2.5 Need of Coagent:
2.5.1 Classification of coagent:
2.5.2 Coagent role in network formation:
2.5.3 Coagent Selection:
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL
3.0 Experimental:
3.1 Raw Material:
3.2 Preparation of TPEs with varying HDPE & Reclaimed rubber ratio (SCHEME 1)
3.3 Preparation of TPEs with varying Triallyl Cyanurate (TAC) ratio (SCHEME 2):
3.4 Preparation of TPEs by Gamma Irradiation process with varying Triallyl Cyanurate (TAC) ratio (SCHEME 3):
3.5 Preparation of TPEs by Chemical crosslinking process with varying Triallyl Cyanurate (TAC) ratio (SCHEME 4):
3.6 TESTING PROCEDURES:
3.6.1 Mechanical Properties:
A. Tensile Strength:
B. Hardness (Shore D)
C. Charpy Impact Test:
3.6.2 Physical Properties:
A. Gel Content:
3.6.3 Thermal properties:
A. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test:
3.6.4 Rheological Analysis:
3.6.5: Morphological Analysis:
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
4.0 Results & Discussions:
4.1 SCHEME 1:
4.1.1 Mechanical Properties:
A. Tensile Strength:
B. Hardness (Shore D):
C. Charpy Impact Strength:
4.1.2 Physical Analysis:
C. Gel Content:
4.1.3 Thermal Analysis
A. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test:
4.1.4 Morphological Analysis:
4.2 SCHEME 2
4.2.1 Mechanical Properties:
A. Tensile Strength:
B. Shore D Hardness:
C. Charpy Impact Strength:
4.2.2 Physical Analysis:
4.2.3 Thermal Analysis
A. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test:
4.2.4 Rheological Analysis:
4.2.5 Morphological Analysis:
4.3 SCHEME 3:
4.3.1 Mechanical Properties:
A. Tensile Strength:
B. Shore D Hardness:
C. Charpy Impact Strength:
4.3.2 Physical Analysis:
4.3.3 Thermal Analysis
A. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test:
4.3.4 Rheological Analysis:
4.3.5 Morphological Analysis:
4.4 SCHEME 4
4.4.1 Mechanical Properties:
A. Tensile Strength:
B. Shore D Hardness
C. Charpy Impact Strength:
4.4.2 Physical Analysis:
4.4.3 Thermal Analysis
A. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Test:
4.4.4 Rheological Analysis:
4.4.5 Morphological Analysis
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.0 Conclusion:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES
6.0 References
Research Objectives and Themes
This research aims to address rubber waste management by creating a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend system using High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and reclaimed rubber, utilizing compatibilization through both chemical and radiation crosslinking methods.
- Waste management of polymeric rubber materials.
- Development of a new class of Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs).
- Comparative analysis of chemical vs. radiation crosslinking methods.
- Enhancement of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polymer blends.
- Application of co-agents (Triallyl Cyanurate) to optimize crosslink density.
Excerpt from the Book
1.0 INTRODUCTION
One of the various problems which mankind faces as it enters into the 21st century is the problem of waste disposal management. Since polymeric materials do not decompose easily, disposal of waste polymers is a serious environmental problem. Large amounts of rubbers are used as tires for airplanes, trucks, cars, two wheelers etc. But after a long run when these tires are not serviceable and discarded, only a few grams or kilograms of rubber (1%) are abraded out from the tire. Almost the entire amount of rubber from the worn out tires is discarded, which again need very long time for natural degradation due to cross-linked structure of rubbers and presence of stabilizers and other additives.
This poses two major problems: wastage of valuable rubber and disposal of waste tires leading to environmental pollution. Two major approaches to solve this problem are recycle and reuse of used and waste rubber, and reclaim of rubber raw materials. Reclaiming scrap rubber products is the conversion from a three dimensionally interlinked, insoluble and infusible strong thermoset polymer to a soft, plastic, tackier, low modulus, processable and Valcanizates essentially thermoplastic product. These methods can be classified as physical and chemical (Adhikari et al. 2000). In a physical reclaiming process, the rubber products are reclaimed with the help of external energy. The three dimensional network breaks down and the macromolecular rubber chain is transformed into small molecular weight fragments.
Summary of Chapters
1.0 INTRODUCTION: This chapter outlines the global environmental challenges regarding rubber waste disposal and introduces the research approach of developing TPEs through the blending of HDPE and reclaimed rubber.
2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY: This section reviews existing methodologies for recycling rubber, the properties of HDPE, the classification of polymer blends, and the mechanisms of chemical and radiation-induced crosslinking.
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL: This chapter details the materials and methodologies used, including four distinct experimental schemes involving varying ratios of polymers, co-agents, gamma irradiation, and chemical peroxides.
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS: This section presents the empirical data from mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological tests conducted on the various schemes to evaluate the effectiveness of the crosslinking strategies.
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION: This chapter summarizes the findings, confirming that the optimized blend ratios and crosslinking methods successfully enhanced the material properties for industrial applications.
CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES: This section lists all scientific literature and patents consulted during the research process.
Key Keywords
Gamma irradiation, thermoplastic elastomers, Reclaimed rubber, HDPE, waste management, polymer blends, crosslinking, Triallyl cyanurate, mechanical properties, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, dynamic vulcanization, tensile strength, hardness, gel content.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the sustainable management of rubber waste by converting reclaimed rubber into a high-performance thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) through blending with High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
What are the primary thematic fields covered?
The work covers waste polymer recycling, chemical engineering of rubber-plastic blends, polymer physics, and the comparative evaluation of different crosslinking strategies.
What is the main objective of the study?
The primary objective is to create a new, commercially viable class of TPEs by improving the mechanical properties of HDPE/Reclaimed Rubber blends using specific crosslinking agents and techniques.
Which scientific methods are utilized?
The study employs dynamic vulcanization, gamma beam irradiation, and chemical crosslinking (using Dicumyl Peroxide and Triallyl Cyanurate) to induce structural compatibility between the rubber and plastic phases.
What does the main body of the work address?
The main body investigates the influence of varying polymer ratios and crosslinking parameters on material characteristics, verified through mechanical testing (tensile, impact, hardness), thermal analysis (DSC), rheology, and morphological examination (SEM).
Which keywords characterize this work?
The work is characterized by terms such as gamma irradiation, reclaimed rubber blends, thermoplastic elastomers, co-agent selection, and interfacial strengthening.
How does the irradiation process compare to chemical methods in this study?
The study finds that gamma irradiation provides a cleaner, faster alternative to chemical methods, with specific doses significantly enhancing the crosslink density and entanglement of the material phases.
What role does the co-agent Triallyl Cyanurate (TAC) play?
TAC acts as a vital booster in the crosslinking process, helping to enhance the efficiency of radicals generated by either gamma radiation or peroxides, thereby improving the physical and mechanical stability of the final blend.
- Quote paper
- Prof. Mehul Patel (Author), Prof. Amar Arakh (Author), Prof. Pathik Shah (Author), 2014, New class of thermoplastic elastomer. Blend of HDPE and reclaimed rubber, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/383428
