Tourism is among the world’s biggest industry. It has a very big impaсt on the eсonomy and bring a lot of money for it. The tourism industry is susсeptible to shoсks, suсh as terror attaсks or the inсidenсe of infeсtious disease. In the 21st сentury, tourism emerges as a signifiсant inсome generating seсtor as well as weapon for growth and survival for various сountries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition of „tourism” and “terrorism”
The influence of terrorism on international tourism
Empirical evidences
Conclusion
Research Objectives and Topics
This paper examines the multifaceted relationship between terrorism and the global tourism industry, specifically focusing on the economic consequences and how tourist behavior is altered by security threats and acts of violence.
- The economic impact of terrorism on tourism-dependent nations.
- Statistical correlation between tourist arrivals and regional security instability.
- The role of media attention in amplifying the psychological effects of terrorism on potential travelers.
- Evaluation of empirical methodologies used to measure tourism losses following terror incidents.
- Analysis of substitution effects where tourists migrate to safer destinations.
Excerpt from the Book
The influence of terrorism on international tourism
Until recent days, terrorism has been subject of many studies, but only few of them focused on the influence of terrorism on tourism. The connection between tourism and terrorism is incontrovertible in the modern era due to the strength of the industry. The contribution of tourism for many countries is so great that any decline in the industry is a cause of major concern for many governments. For many developing countries, travel and tourism serves as the primary export industry.
The relationship between terrorism and tourism is not simple. Terrorism does not impact domestic travel. Terrorism mostly affects international travelers. If a host country has had widespread media attention to a terrorist event, tourism may drop from selected areas (Sonmez and Graefe, 1998). It is hard to assess the impact of terrorism on the development of tourism in any country. Some researchers have found that low-level terrorism gradually reduces tourism over a period of time and sudden, vicious attacks have an immediate negative impact (Drakos and Kutan, 2003). Other researchers believe that the frequency of violence is more important than the brutality of terrorist attacks (Pizam and Fleischer, 2002). In spite of diverse findings, one aspect is understandable. Terrorism against tourists has a negative economic impact. Attacks on tourists have economic consequences. The impact of terrorism on the travel and tourism industry is huge. Terrorism leads to such problems like : homelessness, deflation, unemployment and many other social and economic ills. Many industries associated with tourism, such as hotels, airlines, shops and restaurants, suffer the consequences of acts of terror. Terrorism is an enigmatic and compelling phenomenon, and its relationship with tourism is complex and many-sided.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of the tourism industry's vulnerability to global shocks and introduces the academic context of studying the relationship between terrorism and tourism.
Definition of „tourism” and “terrorism”: This section explores the conceptual origins of tourism and discusses the controversial and complex nature of defining terrorism in an international context.
The influence of terrorism on international tourism: This chapter analyzes how terrorist incidents affect international travel patterns, media influence, and the economic shift in destination choices by tourists.
Empirical evidences: This section details statistical and econometric studies, including panel regressions, to quantify the negative effects of political violence and terror on growth and tourist arrivals.
Conclusion: This chapter synthesizes the findings, highlighting the economic damage caused by terrorism and suggesting that regional cooperation is essential to mitigate these impacts.
Keywords
Tourism, Terrorism, Economic impact, International travel, Political violence, Tourist arrivals, Security, Risk perception, Terrorism studies, Market shares, Global industry, Crisis management, Destination image.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the fundamental focus of this research paper?
The paper explores the intricate and often destructive relationship between terrorism and the tourism industry, investigating how acts of terror impact the economy and international travel behavior.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
Key themes include the economic consequences for tourism-dependent countries, the psychological impact of terror on travelers, and the shifts in tourism demand following major violent incidents.
What is the central research objective?
The objective is to explain the connection between terrorism and tourism by reviewing concepts and utilizing empirical evidence to demonstrate how security instability disrupts the industry.
Which scientific methods are employed in the study?
The paper utilizes meta-analysis of existing literature and econometric models, such as Vector Autoregressive (VAR) analysis and panel regressions, to measure the relationship between terror incidents and tourism data.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers theoretical definitions, historical trends of terrorism in the context of tourism, and specific case studies involving the impact of the 9/11 attacks and events in Bali and the Mediterranean.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Essential keywords include Tourism, Terrorism, Economic impact, International travel, Political violence, Risk perception, and Market share dynamics.
How did the 9/11 attacks specifically affect the US tourism sector?
The 9/11 attacks caused an immediate drop in international arrivals to the US, increased security costs, and led to a long-term shift in travel behavior and a decline in national tourist industry employment.
What does the "zero-sum game" findings regarding Greece, Turkey, and Israel suggest?
The research indicates that terror incidents in one of these countries often lead to a relative increase in market share for its competitors, suggesting that tourists substitute one destination for another based on perceived safety.
How do terrorists view tourists according to the referenced studies?
Tourists are often perceived as "ambassadors" of their countries, making them strategic targets for terrorists seeking international media attention and political leverage over government officials.
What is the final recommendation of the author?
The author suggests that policymakers should foster regional cooperation, information exchange, and cross-border investigations to mitigate the negative impacts of terrorism on the regional tourism industry.
- Quote paper
- Anonym (Author), 2017, The influenсe of terrorism on international tourism, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/356877
