Gender ideology plays an important role in human behaviour, and therefore its assessment, not only in particular areas but considering a wide variety of situations concerning both public and private life, is necessary.
This study presents the Spanish version of the questionnaire developed in 1996 by Prasad and Baron, a tool for measuring gender-role cognitions, and analyses its psychometric properties in a sample of 233 Spanish undergraduate students.
The questionnaire showed a 3-dimension structure -Equality, Belief and Principles- which coincided partially with the theoretical original one. Excellent reliability (Cronbach) results, of over .90, were found. Concurrent validity assessed with a measure of conservatism (E: r = -.253, p < .001; B: r = -.421, p < .001; P: r = -.123, p = .061) and with self-defined identification with feminism (E: F(2, 232) = 4.04,p=.019); B: F (2, 232) = 12.71,p< .001; P: F (2, 232) = 13.05,p< .001) was satisfactory. Scores in all dimensions differed by gender.
This study reveals satisfactory psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Prasad-Baron questionnaire, making it an appropriate tool to obtain a complete assessment of gender ideology.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Tools
Procedure
Analysis
Results and Discussion
Preliminary and Descriptive Data Analysis
Factor Structure and Internal Consistency
Concurrent Validity
Reliability
Gender-Specific Analysis
References
Annex: Spanish Version of the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire
Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this study is to provide a validated Spanish version of the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire, originally developed in 1996, to enable a comprehensive and cross-sectional assessment of gender ideology. The research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted tool and analyze how gender-role cognitions are structured in a contemporary Spanish-speaking academic population.
- Translation and cultural adaptation of the original Prasad-Baron Questionnaire.
- Assessment of the factor structure and psychometric reliability of the Spanish version.
- Examination of concurrent validity regarding conservatism and feminist self-identification.
- Analysis of gender-specific differences in gender-role attitudes, beliefs, and principles.
Excerpt from the Book
Introduction
Many tools exist to assess gender attitudes and related factors, partly because of the context-specificity of gender-role ideology (McHugh & Frieze, 1997). However, we were interested in tools that are able to measure components of the gender ideology (such as attitudes and beliefs) as separate factors, from a general, cross-sectional perspective -that is, considering a wide variety of situations of daily life where sexism can arise-, and aimed to both men and women for the assessment of attitudes toward both men and women. In other words, we focused our bibliographical search on tools that allow to assess the attitudes toward differential gender roles of an individual of any gender, and also other components of their gender ideology, such as their believes about gender-based or sex-based differential characteristics that make differential gender roles appropriate. Taking these considerations into account, we assessed the most widely used questionnaires and scales.
Some of the available tools aim to identify attitudes and beliefs in particular areas, such as romantic beliefs related to benevolent sexism in couple relationships (Sprecher&Metts, 1989; Viki, Abrams & Hutchison, 2003); or focus on differentiating between forms of hostile and benevolent sexism, such as the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996). Others are designed for specific gender groups only, such as the Gender-Equitable Men Scale (Pulerwitz& Barker, 2008), and/or others assess attitudes toward one gender group, such as the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1999) or the Attitudes toward Women Scale or AWS (Spence &Helmreich, 1972; Spence, Helmreich&Stapp, 1973). Some authors have proposed to assess gender ideology as an identity instead of with attitudes scales: this is the case of a vignette-style tool (Kroska, 2000) designed to be used in another particular area (measuring variation in the meaning of a marital identity). Moreover, none of these tools allow the assessment of attitudes, beliefs and/or principles as separate components of gender ideology
Summary of Chapters
Abstract: Provides a concise overview of the study's background, methodology, key findings regarding the questionnaire's 3-dimension structure, and the conclusion that the Spanish version is an effective tool.
Introduction: Explains the necessity of a cross-sectional tool to measure gender ideology and justifies the selection and translation of the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire.
Methods: Describes the participant sample of 233 students, the translation process, and the adjustments made to the original 106-item questionnaire.
Results and Discussion: Details the demographic descriptive statistics, factorial analysis identifying 3 dimensions, and the subsequent psychometric validation process.
References: Lists the academic sources utilized throughout the research and the theoretical foundations for the psychometric scales.
Annex: Spanish Version of the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire: Presents the complete 90-item Spanish version of the questionnaire, including scoring instructions.
Keywords
Gender attitudes, Sex role attitudes, Psychological assessment, Psychometrics, Prasad-Baron Questionnaire, Factorial analysis, Gender ideology, Reliability, Concurrent validity, Feminism, Conservatism, Gender differences, Belief, Equality, Principles
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on translating and validating the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire into Spanish to measure components of gender ideology, including attitudes, beliefs, and principles, across a wide spectrum of daily life situations.
What are the central themes examined in the questionnaire?
The questionnaire explores dimensions such as gender equality versus male privilege, beliefs regarding biological or cultural differences between genders, and ethical principles concerning affirmative action and gender-sensitive policies.
What is the primary goal of the study?
The primary goal is to provide a valid and reliable psychometric tool for the Spanish-speaking population that allows experts to assess gender ideology comprehensively, rather than focusing on narrow or specific areas of social interaction.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The authors utilized Principal Component Analysis to determine the factorial structure, calculated Cronbach's alpha for reliability, and assessed concurrent validity through correlations with conservatism measures and self-identified feminist adherence.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the translation procedures, the administration of the questionnaire to university students, the factorial validation process, and an analysis of gender-based differences in scores across the identified dimensions.
What are the primary keywords characterizing this study?
Key terms include gender attitudes, psychological assessment, psychometrics, factorial analysis, gender ideology, reliability, validity, and feminism.
How does the Spanish version differ from the original Prasad-Baron Questionnaire?
The Spanish version consists of 90 items after undergoing rigorous translation and cultural adaptation, where some original items were eliminated due to cultural irrelevance or poor psychometric behavior, and a new structure of three dimensions (Equality, Belief, Principles) was identified.
What did the study conclude regarding gender differences?
The study found significant differences between genders, with female participants consistently displaying more critical, feminist, and positive attitudes toward gender equality compared to male participants.
- Quote paper
- Elisabet Tasa-Vinyals (Author), Marisol Mora-Giral (Author), Rosa Maria Raich-Escursell (Author), 2015, Spanish Adaptation of the Prasad-Baron Questionnaire, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/309370
