Ad-hoc network is a concept in computer communications, which means that users wanting to communicate with each other from a temporary network, without any form of centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts both as host and router and must therefore be willing to forward packets for other nodes. For this purpose, a routing protocol is needed. Routing protocols in MANET such as OLSR-INRIA, DSR and ZRP finds out the path between a given sources destination node pair without considering the reliability of the links in the selected path. Some links in MANET are unreliable due to interference from transmissions from adjacent links, ambient noise system noise, jamming signals from intruder nodes all of which results in low throughput, packet delivery ratio, high jitter and end-to-end delay. In our work, we use Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as a measure of the link reliability. We propose modified secure version of the of three protocols namely OLSR-INRIA, DSR & ZRP coined as SOLSR-INRIA , SDSR, & SZRP which takes into account the link SNR value as a measure of link reliability in addition to the other parameters as in the original method in the route discovery phase. QualNet network simulator have been extensively used to evaluate the performance of our modified secure routing protocol over two different network scenarios consisting of 52 and 72 mobile nodes respectively considering random waypoint (RWP) mobility model. The results indicate high throughput, high packet delivery ratio and low jitter and end-to-end delay in comparison to the original protocols which do not account for wireless links reliability.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODCUTION
1.1 ROUTING PROTOCOLS
2. OLSR-INRIA, DSR AND ZRP
2.1 OLSR-INRIA
2.2 DSR
3. SYSTEM ANALYSES
3.1 ROUTING DEPENDABILITY IN AD HOC NETWORKS
3.2 NODE MISBEHAVIOR
3.3 ROUTING DEPENDABILITY PROBLEMS
3.4 ROUTE DISCOVERY PHASE
4. SIMULATION SCENARIO AND RESULTS
5. EXPERIENTIAL RESULT
6. CONCLUSION
Research Objectives & Topics
The primary research objective of this study is to enhance the performance and security of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) routing protocols by incorporating Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as a critical metric for link reliability. The research addresses the challenge of unreliable links caused by interference, noise, and jamming, which adversely affect network throughput and packet delivery.
- Integration of SNR-based metrics into existing routing protocols (OLSR-INRIA, DSR, ZRP).
- Evaluation of secure, modified protocol performance using the QualNet simulator.
- Comparative analysis of original versus SNR-aware routing in various network densities and mobility models.
- Assessment of network behavior under malicious scenarios, including node misbehavior and packet drops.
Excerpt from the Book
3.2 NODE MISBEHAVIOR
A node in the middle may keep the message and not forward to package. It can affect the overall performance of the system. There are three different nodes.
1. Well-behaving nodes: that works, forwards the packet.
2. Malicious nodes: the ones that inject false information into messages or remove them completely from the network (blackholes).It has been proven that if the number of selfish nodes increases the packet loss in the network increases linearly as well. Besides that, in case of AODV, if there are many selfish nodes in the network we need to incerase the number of control messages ( to keep the track of what is going on in the network , and reestablish route if a node does not forward the packet ) . It results in increase of routing overhead. Selfish nodes: the ones that receives the packet but do not forward it.
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODCUTION: Defines the concept of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and discusses the necessity for adaptive, scalable routing protocols due to dynamic topology changes.
2. OLSR-INRIA, DSR AND ZRP: Details the operational mechanisms of the three primary routing protocols studied, highlighting their proactive and source-initiated characteristics.
3. SYSTEM ANALYSES: Provides a theoretical breakdown of routing dependability, categorized by node behavior, routing issues, and the route discovery process.
4. SIMULATION SCENARIO AND RESULTS: Presents the experimental setup using the QualNet simulator and evaluates performance metrics like throughput and jitter in varied network scenarios.
5. EXPERIENTIAL RESULT: Discusses the impact of malicious environments on routing protocols and compares baseline performance with secure, modified versions.
6. CONCLUSION: Summarizes the performance gains achieved by the SNR-aware routing modifications and suggests future research into intrusion detection systems.
Keywords
MANET, SOLSR-INRIA, SDSR, SZRP, SNR, RWP, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Jitter, Reliability, Network Topology, Qualnet, Routing Protocols, Node Misbehavior, Network Security.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The work focuses on enhancing the reliability and performance of routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) by utilizing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of links during the route discovery phase.
What are the primary routing protocols investigated?
The research examines three main protocols: OLSR-INRIA, DSR, and ZRP, and introduces modified versions of these known as SOLSR-INRIA, SDSR, and SZRP.
What is the ultimate goal of the proposed protocol modifications?
The goal is to increase network throughput and packet delivery ratios while simultaneously reducing jitter and end-to-end delay, particularly in environments prone to interference and malicious node activity.
Which scientific simulator is used for the evaluation?
The QualNet network simulator is used to extensively evaluate the performance of the proposed protocols under various network scenarios and mobility models.
What does the main body cover?
The main body covers a detailed analysis of routing protocols, the mechanics of route discovery and maintenance, the impact of node misbehavior (malicious nodes), and extensive simulation results based on network density.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Key terms include MANET, SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), Routing Protocols, QualNet, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, and Network Security.
How does the SNR-aware approach improve reliability?
By selecting paths with higher SNR values, the protocols naturally avoid links suffering from high interference or jamming, thereby ensuring more stable communication paths.
How is node misbehavior addressed in this research?
The research categorizes nodes into well-behaving and malicious (or selfish) types and examines how the routing overhead and packet loss increase when nodes fail to forward packets, subsequently proposing secure modifications to mitigate these effects.
- Quote paper
- Kalaiselvi N. Joshi (Author), A. Sivasankari (Author), S. Sudarvizhi (Author), 2014, Performance Analysis of Proactive Reactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols Considering Link SNR Value Using Qualnet, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/278251
