In a conventional air transport system, airports and aircraft are highly dependent on each other in providing service for their customers and passengers. Especially advances in the engine and airframe technology forced airports to plan, design, and construct facilities necessary to ensure that they were not left behind in full participation in a high growth industry. Nowadays international airports are progressively faced with huge aircraft with greatly increased wingspans carrying almost 900 people. These new circumstances affect airport layouts eminently. Beside the configuration of cargo and passenger terminals, geometric and structural design of pavements, including taxiways, exists and aprons, number and orientation of runways, the length of the runway is a main factor which has to match the improved parameters. Nevertheless, international airports operate with a wide range of present-day aircraft which have quite different requirements of the runway. At this point it is up to the airport owner to declare distances on the runway which are available for satisfying the takeoff runs and landings of airplanes.
It is exactly the mentioned runway which plays a central role in the entire airport facility system. The runway has always been the most crucial point of all maneuvering areas where all takeoff and landing movements take place. It is proven that takeoff and landing phases are the most critical parts of all stages of a flight. They are demanding the highest skills from the crews and placing huge stresses and strains on the aircraft itself. According to the Air Transport Safety Survey, runway excursions are the most common type of accident reported annually both in the European region and elsewhere in the world. 106 excursions with commercial and executive aircraft operations worldwide were recorded in 2012. That means there are at least two runway excursions each week worldwide. ICAO Aircraft Accident Data Reports have shown that aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway during landing or takeoff suffer significant damage. To minimize such damage, it is considered necessary to provide structural measures or additional areas at and beyond the end of the runway or even surrounding the landing strip. Subsequently, provisions of declared dis-tances and safety areas make an important contribution to preclude potentially hazards to aircraft and to protect passengers and people on the ground in case of an aircraft veers off or overruns the runway.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Background and Terminology
- Declared Distances
- Take-Off Run Available (TORA)
- Take-Off Distance Available (TODA)
- Accelerate Stop Distance Available (ASDA)
- Landing Distance Available (LDA)
- Application and Publication of Declared Distances
- Runway End Safety Area (RESA)
- Conclusion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper focuses on the importance of declared distances and safety areas in airport design and operation, particularly for ensuring safe aircraft takeoffs and landings. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these concepts, including their terminology, application, and regulatory framework.- Declared Distances and their Role in Airport Design
- Relationship between Aircraft Certification, Operating Rules, and Airport Data
- Safety Considerations in Takeoff and Landing Procedures
- Runway End Safety Areas (RESA) and their Importance in Accident Prevention
- Application and Publication of Declared Distances for Flight Crews
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Introduction: This chapter introduces the concept of declared distances and safety areas, emphasizing their relevance in modern airport design and operations. It highlights the growing size and complexity of aircraft, the need for adequate runway lengths, and the increasing importance of runway safety. It also provides an overview of the paper's structure.
- Background and Terminology: This chapter delves into the relationship between aircraft certification, operating rules, and airport data and design. It explains key terms like takeoff run, takeoff distance, accelerate-stop distance, and landing distance, as well as the importance of safety factors included in these performance distances. It further introduces basic definitions from Annex 14 and the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
- Declared Distances: This section explores different types of declared distances, providing definitions and explanations for each. It covers Take-Off Run Available (TORA), Take-Off Distance Available (TODA), Accelerate Stop Distance Available (ASDA), and Landing Distance Available (LDA).
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This paper focuses on the key concepts of declared distances and safety areas, emphasizing their importance in airport design and operation. It explores the relationship between aircraft certification, operating rules, and airport data, and discusses various types of declared distances, including TORA, TODA, ASDA, and LDA. It also highlights the crucial role of runway end safety areas (RESA) in accident prevention.- Quote paper
- Diplom-Kaufmann Sebastian Wagner (Author), 2013, Declared Distances and Safety Areas, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/230404
