The text presented in this book was part of Author’s field study as undergoing PhD programme at Natural Resources Institute, The University of Greenwich UK. Suleiman laboured throughout his field studies to collect as much information from different soil background perspectives to aid him report the soil baseline data information that will be used as reference materials for the Sudan Savannah zone, Kebbi State Nigeria. In the process of this gigantic work, Suleiman obtained some information that is not necessarily accompanied in his PhD thesis, and which the materials in this book is part of that extra materials. The book was aim to address the impact and causes of climate change and soil degradation under agricultural soil environment in Kebbi State Nigeria. The results provided, indicated that farmer’s viewpoints on the impact of climate change and soil degradation have contemplation in the global climate change and soil degradation perspectives. Farmers believed that climate change and soil degradation are interconnected, and have induced some unacceptable changes to their agricultural lands in Kebbi State. The results designated that soil and soil properties were changed in form of soil erosion, desertification, dessert encroachment, leaching, mass movement of soil particles, development of gullies or land channels, and subsequently poor soil quality, poor crop performance and annual yield reduction. Farmers are in the opinion that the major factors underlying the progressive enhancement of these problems are deforestation, poverty, drought, overgrazing, population, poor government policy and poor research development.
Table of Contents
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An overview background
CHAPTER 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Area of study
2.2 Verbal Interview (VI)
2.3 Instrument used for VI
2.4 Procedure used for VI
2.5 Environmental analysis used
2.6 Rainfall data collected
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS
3.1 Overall results information
CHAPTER 4
DICUSSION
4.1 General discussion
4.1.2 Rainfall and combined factors
4.1.2 Rainfall decline or fluctuating
4.1.3 Rainfall and deforestation
4.1.4 Drought or long dry season
4.1.5 Soil erosion and combined factors
4.1.6 Deforestation and poverty
4.2 Implications and causes
4.3 Quality of the result
4.4 Future agricultural production management of the result
4.5 Future uncertainty of the result
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion remarks
5.2 Recommendation remarks
Objectives and Research Themes
The primary objective of this work is to investigate the impact and causes of climate change and soil degradation within the agricultural environments of Kebbi State, Nigeria, by analyzing both meteorological data and local farmer perceptions to determine the extent of land degradation and its socio-economic consequences.
- Climate change impacts on agricultural soil quality
- Farmers' perceptions of environmental and soil changes
- Major factors driving soil degradation, including deforestation, poverty, and drought
- Long-term trends in rainfall patterns and their effect on soil erosion
- Strategies for future agricultural production management
Excerpt from the Book
4.1.4 Drought or long dry season
A long dry season (drought) in the study areas is another area of consideration. For example, the phenomenon might affect the low input farmer who in many ways is relying on available natural resources more heavily. This condition was been regarded to present a nexus’s between extreme environmental and development problems where the world’s ecosystems are most sensitive and people most vulnerable to environmental and global change (Lee and Schaaf, 2006). Drought and drought related problems would affect people in the study areas in many ways. This is because drought is one of the most common and recurrent natural risk that, if not dealt with effectively, turns into a disaster such as famine with long-term negative impacts on nations and communities (Lee and Schaaf, 2006). While the well-being was related to the environment in term of health, security, hygienic physical surrounding, land quality, safe and clean energy supplies; decent low density housing on hazard-free ground; access to and control over resources particularly regarding food security and agricultural production (DFID, 2001). With drought occurrences, this well-being package will not be achieved. According to statistical data record available from International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR, 2005), the number of drought impacts on people increased from 11, 541 000 in 2004 to 22, 788,083 people in 2005 (i.e. 15 – 22%) in sub-Saharan Africa where Kebbi State is geographically positioned. Soil and agriculture activities including pasturalism and forestry are affected (e.g. Figure 6; TroFCCA, 2009).
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: This chapter outlines the background and the critical scientific priority of understanding climate change and its impact on soil and land degradation, specifically focusing on the challenges in Kebbi State.
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This section details the research approach, including the area of study, the methodology of verbal interviews with rural farmers, and the collection of meteorological data used to assess soil environment changes.
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS: This chapter presents the data gathered from farmers regarding their perceptions of environmental changes, soil erosion, and agricultural productivity over recent decades.
CHAPTER 4 DICUSSION: This chapter analyzes the observed soil degradation in the context of rainfall patterns, deforestation, drought, and socio-economic factors, highlighting the complex, interconnected nature of these environmental issues.
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: This final chapter synthesizes the study's findings and offers recommendations for local and state governments to improve research and environmental management strategies.
Keywords
Climate Change, Soil Degradation, Kebbi State, Agriculture, Deforestation, Drought, Rainfall, Soil Erosion, Desertification, Food Security, Poverty, Environmental Management, Rural Farmers, Sub-Saharan Africa, Land Quality
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The work investigates the impact and causes of climate change and soil degradation on the agricultural soil environment within Kebbi State, Nigeria.
What are the key thematic areas covered in the book?
Key themes include the degradation of soil properties, the role of rainfall variation and wind speed, the impact of deforestation, the influence of poverty on environmental policy, and the resulting challenges for food security.
What is the core research question?
The research seeks to identify how climate change and soil degradation are interconnected and how these processes affect the quality of agricultural lands and the livelihoods of local farmers in Kebbi State.
Which methodology is employed in the study?
The study utilizes a combination of meteorological data analysis and a 'Personal-Verbal-Face-to-Face-Interview' method, engaging local rural farmers to gather qualitative field data on environmental changes.
What topics are discussed in the main part of the book?
The main body examines the physical environmental condition, annual rainfall variations, the relationship between deforestation and soil loss, the impacts of long dry seasons, and the socio-economic implications for agricultural production.
Which keywords best characterize the work?
Key terms include Climate Change, Soil Degradation, Kebbi State, Agriculture, Deforestation, Drought, Soil Erosion, and Food Security.
How does the author define the 'fadama' and 'dryland' agricultural zones?
The author describes 'fadama' as land that is seasonally flooded with water, which recedes to leave alluvial clay, while 'dryland' areas are characterized by low permeability, high run-off, and susceptibility to wind-stored desert sands.
What role does the 'Inter Tropical Convergence Zone' (ITCZ) play in this study?
The shift in the ITCZ is identified as a potential factor causing shifts in rainfall patterns, leading to periodic droughts that negatively impact agricultural productivity in Kebbi State.
- Quote paper
- PhD Student Suleiman Usman (Author), 2013, Environmental Soil - Climate Change Impact, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/208616
