Preliminaries
The first song whose rhythmic style of singing predates rapping was already published in the 1920s. About 50 years later, the first historically known rap song was published.
Since then, this genre has undergone many changes and has been examined from diverse angles. Various cultural, historical and language-centered studies have been conducted on rap music. There is, however, little research particularly concerned with
the different musical categories of rap, vocal deliveries of rap and the usage and understanding of language in contexts of rap from a pragmatical point of view. To investigate some of the genres linguistic properties, the main focus of this paper will
be on the genres, prosody and pragmatics of rap music.
The paper is divided into five chapters and three major parts. After the introduction and some general thoughts about the history of rap music, the first major part deals with the generic classification of this genre in chapter three. A general overview of the
different genres of rap is given here by focusing on their musical, thematic and vocal style variations. It will be explored whether genres of rap are related to each other, overlap and whether each genre encompasses a different style of vocal delivery. All
the lyrics of the songs which will be mentioned and discussed in this thesis are available in the appendix accompanied by a CD of songs and files.
Taking into account the different vocal styles, which will be mentioned in chapter three, in chapter four, particular focus will be drawn to the prosodic variations of vocal styles, especially to stress. In this respect, an experiment has been conducted by
which prosodic differences of vocal styles will be discussed in chapter four. It is not the objective of this thesis to focus on the physical nature of musical sounds (i.e. instrumental sounds) of rap music or the musical styles of different rap genres.
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Table of Contents
1. Preliminaries
2. A Brief History of Rap Music
3. Genres of Rap
3.1 Party Rap
3.2 Mack Rap
3.3 Jazz Rap
3.4 Reality Rap
3.5 Generalizations and Comparisons of Genres
4. Prosody of Rap
4.1 Experiment
4.2 Flow Diagrams
4.3 Analysis of Speech-Effusive Flow
4.4 Analysis of Sung Flow
4.5 Analysis of percussion-effusive Flow
4.6 Prosodic Similarities and Differences of Flows
5. Pragmatics of Rap
5.1 Speech Act Theory
5.2 Speech Acts
5.3 Word-to-world Direction of Fit vs. World-to-word Direction of Fit
5.4 Classification of Illocutionary Acts
5.5 Black Speech Acts
5.6 Dissing
6. Conclusion
Objectives & Themes
This thesis aims to provide a linguistic definition of rap music by synthesizing its generic classifications, prosodic features, and pragmatic functions. It investigates how different rap sub-genres relate to one another, how rhythm and stress influence vocal delivery, and how speech acts—specifically within battle contexts—contribute to the meaning and reception of rap lyrics.
- Generic classification and thematic variations in US-American rap
- Prosodic analysis of rap flows (speech-effusive, sung, and percussion-effusive)
- Application of Speech Act Theory to analyze rap utterances
- Examination of "dissing" as a black speech act within performative contexts
- The relationship between musical beats and rhythmic stress patterns
Excerpt from the Book
3.2 Mack Rap
In this context, a “mack” may not literally mean a “pimp”. A mack is rather someone whose sexual success and confidence with women mark him as a “player”, i.e. as someone who has sexual relationship with women other than his wife. The contribution of the mack rap as “sexist” music to the entire field of rap is indisputable. In mack rap songs, the lyric persona addresses a third person, boasting about his sexual desire for women, experiences with women and his power over the women. He does this by employing the speaking persona to address a woman in second person describing a sexual activity, as in the song “Yo Neck, Yo Back, My Dick and My Sack” (Too $hort, 2002) of the hard-core mack rapper Too $hort (see app., p. 41). There are also songs in which a male and a female performer rap together about their (sexual) desire for each other, for instance, in the song “Doin’ It” (1996) of LL Cool J and LeShaun (see app., p. 42). The genre is more gender-specific than the other genres of rap. However, some songs have been rapped by female practitioners of this genre as well, as in the song “Fucking me Tonight” (2006) of Khia (see app., p. 43). Nevertheless, a large number of the practitioners of this genre are men (Krims, 2001:63).
Summary of Chapters
1. Preliminaries: Introduces the research scope, focusing on the lack of linguistic research on rap genres, prosody, and pragmatics, and outlines the methodology for analyzing these components.
2. A Brief History of Rap Music: Provides an overview of the origins of rap, the transition from old-school to new-school eras, and rap's place within the broader Hip-Hop culture.
3. Genres of Rap: Categorizes US-American rap into four major genres (Party, Mack, Jazz, and Reality) and discusses their overlapping thematic, social, and musical characteristics.
4. Prosody of Rap: Presents an experimental study analyzing how rhythm, stress, and pitch vary across different flow types (sung, speech-effusive, and percussion-effusive) using Praat software.
5. Pragmatics of Rap: Applies Speech Act Theory to interpret the communicative intent of rap lyrics, exploring how illocutionary and perlocutionary acts function within battle rap and dissing.
6. Conclusion: Synthesizes the findings, confirming that rap is a complex form of oral discourse defined by the integration of poetic, musical, and pragmatic features.
Keywords
Rap music, Hip-Hop, Genres of Rap, Prosody, Speech Act Theory, Illocutionary Acts, Flow, Rhythm, Stress, Dissing, Black Speech Acts, Linguistic Properties, Musical Delivery, Battle Rap, Pragmatics.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper examines rap music from a linguistic perspective, specifically focusing on its generic classification, the prosodic nature of its vocal deliveries, and the pragmatic usage of language within rap lyrics.
What are the primary genres of rap discussed in the thesis?
The author identifies four main genres based on Adam Krims' research: Party rap, Mack rap, Jazz rap, and Reality rap.
What is the central research question regarding pragmatics?
The research explores whether the conditions for performing speech acts can be successfully satisfied within different rap contexts, such as battle rap.
Which scientific method is used to analyze the prosody of rap?
The author conducted an experiment using a fluent English speaker to perform the same lyrics in different flow styles, then analyzed the segments using Praat software to measure pitch, duration, and intensity.
What does the main body of the paper cover?
The main body is divided into three parts: a generic classification of rap, an experimental analysis of prosodic variations in flow, and a pragmatic analysis of speech acts including "dissing."
Which keywords best characterize this work?
The work is characterized by terms such as Rap music, Prosody, Pragmatics, Speech Act Theory, Flow, and Genre analysis.
How does the author define a "mack" in the context of Mack rap?
In this context, a "mack" is not literally a pimp, but rather a "player"—someone whose confidence and sexual success with women are central themes in their lyrics.
What is the distinction between "word-to-world" and "world-to-word" direction of fit?
This is a concept from Searle used to distinguish speech acts; "word-to-world" involves matching words to existing facts (assertives), while "world-to-word" involves attempting to change the world to match the words (directives and commissives).
How does "dissing" function within a battle rap context?
Dissing is analyzed as a black speech act used in verbal battles to ridicule, offend, and humiliate opponents, with its felicity conditions dependent on the fictional context of the performance.
- Quote paper
- Said Abir Anbari (Author), 2010, The Genres, Prosody and Pragmatics of Rap, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/172290
